Question

Which of the following was/were the probable similarities between the Indus Valley Civilization and the contemporary Mesopotamian Civilization?

1. They both constructed granaries.
2. They both worshipped the fertility goddess.

Select the correct answer using the options given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2​

Answer 1

Option - C  Both 1 and 2

■ Explanation :-

The Indus Valley and the Mesopotamia the two cradles of civilizations though separated by great distance had some similarities in various aspects like:

• In Mesopotamian cities, wages were paid in barley. The typical Mesopotamian city was built around the temple, a monumental structure sitting at the centre of a complex of granaries, storehouses and other administrative buildings. Similarly, the huge granaries found at Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa and Kalibangan implies, that probably they received cereals as taxes from peasants and stored in granaries for payment of wages as well as for use during emergencies. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• The contemporary cities in Mesopotamia produced almost the same food grains and domesticated the same animals as the Indus people did, but the Indus people produced rice in Gujarat (Lothal where its remains belonging to 1800 B.C.E have been found). Rice began to be cultivated in the Mesopotamian region way later in 1st Century B.C.E. Also, the Harappan people domesticated elephants which was not the case with the Mesopotamian.

• In the Indus Valley region, a terracotta figure of a woman in which a plant is shown growing out of the embryo has been found, which is probably represented as the Goddess of earth and thus people looked upon the earth as a fertility goddess. Similarly in ancient Mesopotamia, Inana was worshipped as the goddess of love, sensuality, fertility, procreation and also of war. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

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Answer 2

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