Which of the laws of learning given by thorndike had to be revised?
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Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949) was a professor of American Psychology, a disciple of William James who developed a series of laws about trial and error learning. Thorndike's theories are considered as the precursors of American behaviorism that would find its maximum exponent in the figure of Skinner, father of operant conditioning.
Law of the preparation, that affirms that the preparation or disposition of the subject contributes to the learning. In other words, that the own expectations of the subject constitute the intrinsic reinforcement of all action.
Law of the exercise that sustains that the exercise or the practice of the appropriate response contributes to strengthen the connection between the stimulus and the corresponding response.
Law of effect. This is considered the most important. According to this law, the succession of stimuli and responses is not enough for learning to occur. For the learning to happen, reinforcement is needed. This is that when an act is followed by a reward it tends to repeat itself, whereas when it is followed by a punishment the probability of its repetition decreases.
Thorndike contributed a great deal to psychology. His influence on animal psychologists, especially those who focused on behavior plasticity, greatly contributed to the future of that field. In addition to helping pave the way towards behaviorism, his contribution to measurement influenced philosophy, the administration and practice of education, military administration, industrial personnel administration, civil service...
Thorndike's research focused on instrumental learning, which means that learning is developed from the organism doing something. For example, he placed a cat inside a wooden box. The cat would use various methods while trying to get out, however nothing would work until it hit the lever. Afterwards, Thorndike tried placing the cat inside the wooden box again. This time, the cat was able to hit the lever quickly and succeeded in getting out from the box.
At first, Thorndike emphasized the importance of dissatisfaction stemming from failure as equal to the reward of satisfaction with success, though in his experiments and trials on humans he came to conclude that reward is a much more effective motivator than punishment. He also emphasized that the satisfaction must come immediately after the success, or the lesson would not sink in.
Law of the preparation, that affirms that the preparation or disposition of the subject contributes to the learning. In other words, that the own expectations of the subject constitute the intrinsic reinforcement of all action.
Law of the exercise that sustains that the exercise or the practice of the appropriate response contributes to strengthen the connection between the stimulus and the corresponding response.
Law of effect. This is considered the most important. According to this law, the succession of stimuli and responses is not enough for learning to occur. For the learning to happen, reinforcement is needed. This is that when an act is followed by a reward it tends to repeat itself, whereas when it is followed by a punishment the probability of its repetition decreases.
Thorndike contributed a great deal to psychology. His influence on animal psychologists, especially those who focused on behavior plasticity, greatly contributed to the future of that field. In addition to helping pave the way towards behaviorism, his contribution to measurement influenced philosophy, the administration and practice of education, military administration, industrial personnel administration, civil service...
Thorndike's research focused on instrumental learning, which means that learning is developed from the organism doing something. For example, he placed a cat inside a wooden box. The cat would use various methods while trying to get out, however nothing would work until it hit the lever. Afterwards, Thorndike tried placing the cat inside the wooden box again. This time, the cat was able to hit the lever quickly and succeeded in getting out from the box.
At first, Thorndike emphasized the importance of dissatisfaction stemming from failure as equal to the reward of satisfaction with success, though in his experiments and trials on humans he came to conclude that reward is a much more effective motivator than punishment. He also emphasized that the satisfaction must come immediately after the success, or the lesson would not sink in.
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