which of the various factors included in population structure
Answers
Answer:
Population structure refers to the composition of the population. It shows how the population is spread out across different aspects. Age structure classification- Age-sex pyramid or population pyramid shows the distribution of various age groups in a population.
Explanation:
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Explanation:
Population structure is an important guideline to understanding the evolution of cave-dwelling animals, because it represents the outcome of their history and adaptation as well as the groundwork for speciation in the cave environment. Population structure can be viewed from two different perspectives. Ecologists usually view the composition of a population according to age and sex of individuals, and population geneticists keep in mind the organization of genetic variation within and between populations, with special emphasis on their spatial arrangement. In this article we address the latter aspect. The advent of molecular techniques, from allozymes to microsatellites and to DNA sequencing analysis, led to significant improvements in understanding the genetics of natural populations. Particularly, the feasibility to estimate parameters, such as the amount of genetic variation, gene flow, time since isolation, provides important evidence to test alternative hypotheses on patterns of colonization and evolution of cave populations. Moreover, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genealogies have revealed genetic partitions that can be interpreted in terms of habitat distribution and geography. These scenarios appear to be influenced by many factors intrinsic to the life histories of the organism (i.e., the mating system, levels of gene flow) and by historical biogeography (i.e., past distributional ranges) and demographic factors. The most obvious cause of structuring in cave populations is habitat fragmentation. However, as we will discuss, habitat fragmentation may not include the unique factor of population structuring. Generally speaking, caves reflect the historical process of habitat fragmentation quite well