Which one has lowest calorific value ?
(a) Producer Gas (b) Water Gas (c) LPG (d) Bio Gas.
Answers
LPG IS A CALORIFIC VALUE
Explanation:
The heating value of a substance, usually a fuel or food, is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The calorific value is the total energy released as heat when a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions. The energy contained in fuel or food, determined by measuring the heat produced by the complete combustion of a specified quantity of it. This is now usually expressed in joules per kilogram.
The concentration of carbon monoxide in the 'ideal' producer gas was considered to be 34.7% carbon monoxide and 65.3% nitrogen. There is thus a very high concentration of nitrogen. Since nitrogen is an incombustible gas, it only adds to the volume but does not give any extra heat on combustion. Hence, due to the presence of high concentrations of nitrogen, the amount of energy per unit volume decreases.
LPG has a typical specific calorific value of 46.1 MJ/kg compared with 42.5 MJ/kg for fuel oil and 43.5 MJ/kg for premium grade petrol (gasoline).
Biogas is about 20% lighter than air and has an ignition temperature in the range of 650 to 750 degrees C. (1,200-1,380 degrees F.). ... However, biogas has a calorific value of 20-26 MJ/m3 (537-700 Btu/ft3) compared to commercial quality natural gas' caloric value of 39 MJ/m3 (1,028 Btu/ft3).
Water is present as such because of moisture in the air-dried coal and a further amount is formed by the combustion of the hydrogen combined with carbon in the coal. ... The correction to the gross calorific value is 586 cal/g water (the latent heat of steam = 586 cal/g=2451.82kJ/kg).
So we can say that producer gas has the lowest calorific value.