which one of the following is responsible for desertification? a) deforestation b) overgrazing c) mining d) all of these
Answers
Answer:
d) all of these
Answer:
Some of the causes of desertification are deforestation, overgrazing, climate change, natural disasters, human activities, etc. Desertification can turn fertile land into a desert.
Explanation:
Desertification is the degradation process by which a fertile land changes itself into a desert by losing its flora and fauna, this can be caused by drought, deforestation, climate change, human activities or improper agriculture. Desertification is a process of degradation of the land. It occurs because of man-made activities and climate change. Desertification takes place when a particular type of biome converts into a desert biome.
Desertification Causes
Overgrazing
Deforestation
Farming Practices
Urbanization and other types of land development
Climate Change
Stripping the land of resources
Natural Disasters
Desertification Impacts
Farming becomes difficult or even impossible in the area
Flooding chances are more
Hunger – because of no farming
Poor quality of water
Overpopulation
Poverty as a result of the above
Steps To Reduce Desertification
Given below are the steps which may help in reducing Desertification:
Focus on Water management. Rainwater harvest must be done, water that can be reused must not be left out as waste
Reforestation and tree regeneration
Buttressing the soil through the use of sand fences, shelter belts, woodlots and windbreaks
Better and hyper-fertilization of soil through planting
The residue from pruned trees can be used to provide mulching for fields thus increasing soil water retention and reducing evaporation
UPSC Aspirants can refer to the links below for exam preparation:
National Water Mission Water Scarcity – Causes, Types, Effects & Prevention
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) National Water Mission – Jal Jeevan Mission
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) Ministry of Jal Shakti – Significance of Jal Shakti Ministry, Jal Shakti Abhiyan
Desertification in India
Population growth, removal of wood, overgrazing, soil erosions, etc. are all the important factors that have caused desertification in India
According to the Government’s data recently presented to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), India lost 31%, or 5.65 million hectares, of grassland area in a decade
As per reports, over 105 million hectares or about 32% of India’s areas has degraded
Between 2003-2005 and 2011-2013, 26 states witnessed an increase in the level of desertification in India
Measures Taken To Curb Desertification in India
Multiple steps and measures have been taken by the concerned authorities regarding curbing desertification in India. Discussed below are the same:
A Command Area Development Programme was launched in 1974 which is coordinated by the Ministry of Water Resources for its implementation in various states of the country. It aims at improvising the irrigational potential through water management
In 1989-90, Integrated Watershed Management Programme was launched, which was later renamed as Haryali Guidelines in 2013, and then, subsumed under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development, the Desert Development Programme was launched in 1995 to minimize the effects of drought in areas across the country
India also became a signatory to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in 1994
National Afforestation Programme was implemented by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in the year 2000
In 2001, the National Action Programme to Combat Desertification was implemented by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India was released by ISRO in 2016to combat desertification and land degradation
Measures Taken To Curb Desertification Globally
Desertification is an issue for people across the globe and multiple steps have been taken to curb it. Given below are the steps which have been taken globally to curb desertification:
Goal 15 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), 2030 declares that “we are determined to protect the planet from degradation, including through sustainable consumption and production.”
The Bonn Challenge has been taken up as per which 150 million hectares of the world’s deforested and degraded land is expected to be restored by 2020 and around 350 million hectares to be restored by 2030
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) was established in 1994
Apart from this, every year, June 17 is observed as the World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
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