Question

which overlap is associated with sigma bonding???
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Answer 1

Sigma And Pi Bonds. A sigma bond is a covalent bond which is formed by the head on overlap of two atomic orbitals. The combination of overlapping orbitals can be s-s, s-pz or pz-pz.

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Answer 2

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A sigma bond is a covalent bond which is formed by the head on overlap of two atomic orbitals. The combination of overlapping orbitals can be s-s, s-pz or pz-pz. Sigma bonding can be a bonding interaction or an antibonding interaction. Bonding interaction results by the overlapping of two atomic orbitals in the same phase whereas antibonding interaction occurs by the overlapping in opposite phase.

A Pi bond is a covalent bond which is formed by the side-to-side overlap of two atomic orbitals. The atomic orbital combinations can be px-px or py-py. Similar to the sigma bonding, a pi bond can be bonding or antibonding.

Sigma bonds are relatively stronger when compared with pi bonds. Hence, pi bonds are easily broken while sigma bonds aren't. There can be only one sigma bond between two particular atoms in a molecule. But there can be a maximum of two pi bonds between two atoms in a molecule. For example,

• If there is a single bond between two atoms, then the bond will be sigma bond.

• If there are two bonds, then one will be sigma and another will be pi bond.

• If there are three bonds, then one will be sigma bond and two will be pi bonds.

Presence of pi bonds keeps the corresponding atoms in a plane. Increasing number of pi bonds will increase the electronegativity and % of ‘p’ character of the bond.

A sp2 hybridized orbital can have a one sigma and one pi bond and a sp hybridized orbital. The “sp-sp hybridized orbital” can have one sigma and two pi bonds.

Types of Bond

Number of Sigma Bonds

Number of Pi Bonds

Alkane (C-C)

1

0

Alkene ()

1

1

Alkyne ( )

1

2