Which part of cell division is different in plant and animal cells? cytokinesis anaphase mitosis eukaryotic
Answers
Reasons are as follows :
1.) Organelles:
Centrioles and spindle fibers do not appear in plant cells as they do in animal cells.
2.) Animal cells form a cleavage furrow while plant cells eventually build a cell wall between the two daughter cells.
From the given information, we can clearly see that it is Cytokinesis that differ in plants and animals cells.
Cytokinesis.
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
Plant cells have walls, so cytokinesis cannot proceed with a cleavage furrow. Instead, during telophase a cell plate forms across the cell in the location of the old metaphase plate.
During telophase, membrane-enclosed vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus migrate to the center of the cell where the metaphase plate used to be and fuse to form a cell plate.
Eventually, the growing cell plate fuses with the existing plasma membrane, producing two daughter cells, each with its own plasma membrane.
A new cell wall forms between the two membranes of the cell plate
In plants, there is a cortical preprophase band (PPB) of microtubules which marks the sites where cell plate (primordial cytokinetic wall) will fuse to the parental cell wall. The PPB is positioned by an microtubular array, arising mainly from the nuclear surface, which locally induces endocytosis at the cell cortex () for creating an imprinted area that will be recognized later during cytokinesis by the cytokinetic cell plate expanding outward from the cell's center ().events like the assembly of the preprophase band (PPB) of microtubules in the premitotic plant cells, and of the actomyosin-based constriction ring followed by its contractile furrowing in the postmitotic animal cells, represent different strategies for the execution of the physical act of separation of daughter cells (see below). The actual act of physical separation of daughter cells, which in the strict sense represents the real cytokinetic event, emerges to rely essentially on the same processes in both plant and animal cytokinetic cells. This discovery, discussed in details later, allows the conceptual unification of the theme of cytokinesis in both Kingdoms of eukaryotes.
Nevertheless, these preparatory events are essential for the execution of cytokinesis and should be considered as an inherent part of cytokinesis. They provide a spatial memory for the division plane and allow rapid execution of plant cytokinesis. In dividing animal cells, they minimize the amount of membranes required to plug the cytokinetic space during physical separation of the daughter cells. These preparatory events of cytokinetic plant cells serve two purposes. Firstly, they locally prime the plasma membrane/cell wall as an adhesive site for the fusion of the cell plate with the parent plasma membrane/cell wall complex. Secondly, they supply endosomes filled with cell wall molecules and enclosed with the plasma membrane-derived envelope. These endosomes act as a ready source for new cell wall formation during plant cytokinesis
