Question

which pattern of cultivation we are following in our country and how it is helpful in attaining good setup of industries and economic development

Answer 1

The Indian state has been more penetrated by social actors than many East and Southeast Asian states. Unlike China, India could neither abolish private enterprise nor could it embrace globalization with the same speed and ferocity. Both complete state-driven nationalization and state-driven globalization would demand a state, which would have much greater command over interest groups like industrialists, farmers and trade unions. Policies favoring economic growth and development in India needed to evolve gradually after building a social consensus on those policies. This is a model of development driven by a relationship between the state and society, where the power of the state, even in its commanding moments, was moderated by the power of social actors.

Developmental ideas were debated within the state. Substantial economic policy change would require building upon a historical path of gradual changes in ideas and policies, punctuated by economic crises. This paper demonstrates how this dynamic is critical for explaining the politics of the green revolution and consequent self-sufficiency in food grains, as well as for understanding the India's globalization beyond 1991. It is a story of getting to higher rates of economic growth in a gradual and circuitous way after building a policy consensus among diverse stakeholders. Economic crises aided the arrival of a new consensus.

India's growth rates began looking more like China's after 2003. Figure 1 gives us a visual feel of the trajectory of India's growth. Between 1956 and 1974, India's GDP grew between 3 and 4 percent per annum, when it was a closed and highly regulated economy. The same increased to over 5 percent between 1975 and 1990 when India's domestic private sector was given greater room for maneuver. This was not a period when India's engagement with the global economy saw a significant rise (Figure 2). The paradigm shift in private sector and trade orientation beyond 1991 has been associated with higher rates of growth, over 6 percent between 1991 and 2004, and over 8.5 percent between 2003 and 2007. It is the latter figure that has drawn the attention of the world when India became one of the fastest growing economies in the world after China.

FIGURE 1 India's GDP Growth



Answer 2

Farming Systems in India are strategically utilised, according to the locations where they are most suitable. The farming systems that significantly contribute to the agriculture of India are subsistence farming, organic farming, industrial farming. Regions throughout India differ in types of farming they use; some are based on horticulture, ley farming, agroforestry, and many more.Due to India's geographical location, certain parts experience different climates, thus affecting each region's agricultural productivity differently. India is very dependent on its monsoon cycle for large crop yields. India's agriculture has an extensive background which goes back to at least 10 thousand years. Currently the country holds the second position in agricultural production in the world. In 2007, agriculture and other industries made up more than 16% of India's GDP. Despite the steady decline in agriculture's contribution to the country's GDP, agriculture is the biggest industry in the country and plays a key role in the socioeconomic growth of the country. India is the second biggest producer of wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, silk, groundnuts, and dozens more. It is also the second biggest harvester of vegetables and fruit, representing 8.6% and 10.9% of overall production, respectively. The major fruits produced by India are mangoes, papayas, sapota, and bananas. India also has the biggest number of livestock in the world, holding 281 million. In 2008, the country housed the second largest number of cattle in the world with 175 million.