Question

which phase show a notch in the cytoplasm in between central region

Answer 1

Two glycosyltransferases that transfer sugars to epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains, OFUT1 and Fringe, regulate Notch signaling. To characterize the impact of glycosylation at the 23 consensus O-fucose sites in Drosophila Notch, we conducted deletion mapping and site-specific mutagenesis and then assayed the binding of soluble forms of Notch to cell-surface ligands. Our results support the conclusion that EGF11 and EGF12 are essential for ligand binding, but indicate that other EGF domains also make substantial contributions to ligand binding. Characterization of Notch deletion constructs and O-fucose site mutants further revealed that no single site or region can account for the influence of Fringe on Notch-ligand binding. Additionally, we observed an influence of Fringe on a Notch fragment including only 4 of its 36 EGF domains (EGF10–13). Together, our observations imply that glycosylation influences Notch-ligand interactions through a distributive mechanism that involves local interactions with multiple EGF domains and led us to suggest a structural model for how Notch interacts with its ligands.

Answer 2

Cytokinesis phase show a notch in the cytoplasm in between central region

EXPLANATION:

• Cytokinesis is the physical cell-division process, which divides the parental cell cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells. This happens concurrently in animal cells with two nuclear divisions called mitosis and meiosis. Cytokinesis is a critical mechanism for splitting the cell and ensuring that each daughter cell has a nucleus.
• Cytokinesis begins in the course of the nuclear division phase known as anaphase and continues through the telophase. All through cytokinesis the spindle apparatus divides and transports replicated chromatids inside the cytoplasm of the splitting daughter cells.
• It thus makes sure that complement and chromosome number are preserved from one generation to the next and that, apart from special cases, the daughter cells would be functional replicas of the parent cell. After the cytokinesis and telophase completes, each daughter cell come into the inter-phase of the cell cycle.

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