Question

Which soil is commonly known as self mulching soil?

Answer 1

SELF-MULCHING CLAYS
The self mulching clays have a uniform heavy clay texture from the
surface to deep into the soil profile. The surface soil, when dry, is self
mulching, being composed of easily disturbed small aggregates
resulting from extensive swelling and shrinking from wetting and
drying.
These soils are found in gilgai formations, usually in association
with transitional red brown earths. The self-mulching clay soils occur
as the mound or puff in gilgai formations, while in the lower areas
between the mounds transitional red brown earths are usually found.
The proportion of the mound compared with the shelf in gilgais varies.
The proportion of the mound in a gilgai formation therefore influences
the land-use options and management of a particular area. Areas with
more than 50% mound as a proportion of the total area are usually
considered to be self-mulching soils.
APPEARANCE
The colour of the self-mulching clay soils ranges from reddish
brown to grey. This colour may tend to be more yellow with depth.
Small white nodules of lime (calcium carbonate) may be seen on, or
just under, the surface of these soils to depth.
When dry, the surface of these soils will have a soft feel when you
walk over it, because the soil structure is excellent. This property
makes these soils very easy to cultivate when dry. A shovel can be
pushed into the surface of these soils with comparatively little effort.
CRACKING CLAYS
Many of the self-mulching soils in the vegetable-growing areas of
the MIA are cracking clays. Cracking clays are dark (grey, reddish and
black) soils, containing high amounts of clay (more than 50%), that
crack on drying and swell on wetting throughout the profile and, most
importantly, right to the surface. During summer, cracks of a few to
tens of millimetres wide appear at the surface, but swell closed after the
first winter rains. Many of these soils form a shallow (less than 100 mm
thick) surface ‘mulch’ layer of small (1 to 2 mm diameter) aggregates
during cycles of wetting and drying. After rain or irrigation, this
‘mulch’ may disappear as the aggregates swell into each other.


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