Question

Which structures secrete enzymes necessary for digestion? Does food pass through all of them?Explain.​

Answer 1

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ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀɴᴄʀᴇᴀs ᴀɴᴅ ɢʟᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴍᴀʟʟ ɪɴᴛᴇsᴛɪɴᴇ sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛᴇ ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄʜᴇᴍɪᴄᴀʟʟʏ ʙʀᴇᴀᴋ ᴅᴏᴡɴ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx ғᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ɪɴᴛᴏ sɪᴍᴘʟᴇʀ ᴏɴᴇs. ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇ ᴛʀʏᴘsɪɴ (ғᴏʀ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴ ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ), ᴀᴍʏʟᴀsᴇ (ғᴏʀ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏʜʏᴅʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ), ᴀɴᴅ ʟɪᴘᴀsᴇ (ғᴏʀ ʟɪᴘɪᴅ ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ).

Answer 2

$\sf{\Large{Answer:-}}$

The structures which secrete enzymes necessary for digestion are:-

• Salivary Glands (Mouth):- These glands secrete salivary amylase (saliva) which helps in conversion of starch into simple sugar and molts.

• Gastric gland (stomach):- This gland secretes hydrochloric acid which helps in activating the deactivated form of pepsinogen into pepsin. The activated pepsin helps in the digestion of proteins. The walls of stomach is protected with a layer of mucus, which prevents the reaction of hydrochloric acid with the walls of stomach.

• Pancreatic gland (Pancreas):- This gland secrete juice like lipase (which helps in digestion of fats) and trypsin (which helps in digestion of proteins).

• Liver:- It secretes a juice named Bile which helps in the emulsification of fats and lipids.

• Intestine :- It secretes intestinal juices which finally break the food into it's simplest form.

$\sf{\large{Additive\: Information:-}}$

=> What is digestion?

Answer:- Digestion is the biological process in which a complex food substance is converted into it's simplest form so that it can be absorbed by the blood.

=> What are enzymes?

Answer:- Enzymes are the bio-catalysts which help in speeding up a reaction.

=> Describe the process of digestion.

Answer:- The process of digestion include the following steps:-

• The very first step of digestion starts with the intaking of food into the mouth where starch is broken down into simple sugar and molts.

• The food then reaches the stomach through oesopahgus with the helps of peristaltic movement.

• In the stomach the hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen into it's activated form i.e., Pepsin which helps in the digestion of proteins.

• Then the food comes out of the stomach through sphincter muscle.

• The food is then made alkali, so that pancreatic enzymes can act on it. Pancreatic enzymes cannot act on acidic medium.

• The pancreatic enzymes then act on the food.

• Then the food reaches small intestine, where villi increase area in order to absorb more food.

• The unwanted food materials are then sent into the large intestine where the walls of large intestine absorb all the water and the left unwanted particles are removed from the body through anus in the form of faeces.

=> What is Peristaltic movement?

Answer:- Peristaltic movement is the movement of the walls of oesophagus which push the food downwards.