Question

Which two layers make up the thermosphere? Describe them in detail.

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Answer 1

• The lower Thermosphere is called the Ionosphere; it extends from 80 to 550 kilometers above the Earth's surface. Nitrogen, oxygen, and other particles in the Ionosphere absorb radiation from the sun and become electrically charged. Electrically charged particles are called ions, hence the name: the Ionosphere. These ions are important to radio because they reflect AM radio waves back to earth allowing for long distance messages to be sent. Unfortunately, when solar flares occur on the sun, ion numbers can increase, causing disturbances in radio signals.

• The outer layer of the Thermosphere is called the Exosphere. The Exosphere extends from 550 kilometers to thousands of kilometers into space. It is here that satellites orbit the Earth. These satellites control functions from telephone messages to TV programs and are also important in keeping an eye on the Earth's weather.
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Answer 2

Explanation:

Thermosphere is the part of atmosphere that lies beyond the mesosphere.  

It is made up of the ionosphere and the exosphere.  

The ionosphere is the lower part of the thermosphere.  

It lies above the mesopause.  

It extends from 80 to 640 km.  

Temperatures rise sharply here.  

The ultraviolet radiations from the Sun break the gas molecules in this layer into electrically charged ions.  

Therefore, the ionosphere is full of electrically charged ions, i.e., ions, which enable wireless transmission.  

Radio waves transmitted from the Earth are reflected back to the Earth by these ions.  

The upper limit of the ionosphere is called the ionopause.  

The exosphere lies beyond the ionopause and is the uppermost layer of the thermosphere.  

The upper limit of the exosphere is difficult to determine.  

It merges with inter-planetary space.  

The temperature here is estimated to be beyond 5500 degree Celsius.  

The air is very thin here and its density is very low.  

Only lighter gasses like helium and hydrogen are found here.

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