Question

which two types of soil are the most important? Where are they found and what are their characteristics? Which crops are associated with them?

Answer 1

Major types and characteristics of soils in India:
Indian soils may be divided into six major types based on their character and origin:

1. Alluvial soil: Materials deposited by rivers, winds, glaciers and sea waves are called alluvium and soils made up of alluvium are alluvial soils. In India alluvial soils are mainly found on the Indo-Ganga­ Brahmaputra Plains, Coastal Plains and the broad river valleys of South India. They are also found along the river basins of some plateau and mountain regions.

In the Indo-Ganga plain two other types of alluvium are found. The old alluviums are clayey and sticky, have a darker color, contain nodules of lime concretions and are found to lie on slightly elevated lands. The new alluviums are lighter in color and occur in the deltas and the flood plains.

In comparison to old alluvial soil, the new alluvial soils are very fertile. The alluvial soil is regarded as the best soil of India for its high fertility and the rich harvest, it gives rice, wheat, sugarcane, jute oil-seeds and pulses are the main crops grown on this soil.

Also read: Alluvial Soils in India

2. Laterite and Lateritic soils: Laterite is a kind of clayey rock or soil formed under high temperature and high rainfall. By further modification laterite is converted into red colored lateritic soils charged with iron nodules. Laterite and lateritic soils are found in South Maharashtra, the Western Ghats in Kerala and Karnataka, at places on the Eastern Ghat, in some parts of Assam, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and in western West Bengal (particularly in Birbhum district). These soils are generally infertile. Some plants like tea, coffee, coconut, areca nut, etc. are grown in this soil.

Answer 2

Mainly alluvial soil is important soil
they are mainly found in coastal reigon