Which was final blow struck by Turkic General?
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Answer:
Ever since the attempted coup last July, Turkey has been going through an exceptionally difficult period. It was the first time in the 94 year history of the Republic that the country was able to resist a military coup – Turkey has experienced a coup nearly every decade since 1960.
This time, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan called on citizens to take to the streets. The mostly conservative masses went outside and faced off against the tanks, helicopters, and warplanes of the Turkish military. More than 200 people were killed and hundreds of others were wounded on the fateful night of July 15.
Following the coup attempt, Erdogan launched an intense campaign to change the country's parliamentary system into a fully fledged presidential model.
In much of the world, military coups tend to be linked to right-wing political agendas. In Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries, however, they are more likely to win support from much of the left – and be used against conservative governments.
A prominent Turkish socialist, Idris Kucukomer, asserted in the 1970s that the country's "left is the right, and its right is the left." That assertion stirred a heated debate in Turkish socialist circles that has continued ever since. It has also reinforced criticism from some conservatives, who accuse the country's leftist party, the People's Republican Party (CHP) – which was established by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the country's secularist founder – and most of the other leftist movements with being elitist and not always democratic.
Kucukomer criticised the left for being the rigid and inflexible defender of the country's old guard, which was grounded in a broad alliance between military and staunchly secularist civilian elites. Kucukomer found the right, meanwhile, to be more revolutionary and more allied to ordinary Turks because of its ability to reach people from a wide range of backgrounds.
In the middle of Turkey's intense debate on whether the country should change its governance system or not, the peculiar tension between the Turkish left and right swings like a pendulum in the country's political circles.
Turkey currently has a parliamentary system. In 2007, an initial step towards a more presidential model was made, when the constitution was modified to introduce a direct vote on the presidency. Now, Erdogan proposes to adopt the constitution to create a stronger presidency. Turkey will vote on this change on April 16.
Erdogan, a strong conservative leader, is advocating a fundamental change in the country's governance model, while Turkey's prominent secularist and leftist groups passionately fight to protect the status quo. Each side defends its position in the name of democracy.
Iɴᴛᴇʀɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟʟʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴅᴏᴍᴇsᴛɪᴄᴀʟʟʏ, ᴄʀɪᴛɪᴄɪsᴍ ᴏғ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄʜᴀɴɢᴇs ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ʙʏ Tᴜʀᴋɪsʜ ᴘᴀʀʟɪᴀᴍᴇɴᴛ ʜᴀs ᴄᴇɴᴛᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴄʟᴀɪᴍs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ᴍᴀᴋᴇ Tᴜʀᴋᴇʏ ʟᴇss ᴅᴇᴍᴏᴄʀᴀᴛɪᴄ. Yᴇᴛ sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇʀs ᴀʀɢᴜᴇ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ ᴇssᴇɴᴛɪᴀʟ ᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇᴄᴛ ᴅᴇᴍᴏᴄʀᴀᴄʏ ғʀᴏᴍ sʜᴀᴅᴏᴡʏ ғᴏʀᴄᴇs.
Fɪɢʜᴛɪɴɢ Tᴜʀᴋᴇʏ's ᴅᴇᴇᴘ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ
Nɪʜᴀᴛ Bᴜʟᴜᴛ, ᴅᴇᴀɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ Isᴛᴀɴʙᴜʟ Sᴇʜɪʀ Uɴɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴛʏ Lᴀᴡ Sᴄʜᴏᴏʟ, ᴛᴏʟᴅ TRT Wᴏʀʟᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ʟɪᴛᴛʟᴇ ᴘᴏssɪʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄʜᴀɴɢᴇ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ʟᴇᴀᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴜᴛʜᴏʀɪᴛᴀʀɪᴀɴ ʀᴜʟᴇ.
"Tʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏsᴀʟ ᴅᴏᴇs ɴᴏᴛ ɪɴᴛʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇ ᴀɴʏ ᴋɪɴᴅ ᴏғ ᴏɴᴇ-ᴍᴀɴ ʀᴜʟᴇ. Iᴛ ɪs ᴜɴғᴀɪʀ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴇsᴄʀɪʙᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏsᴀʟ sᴜᴄʜ ᴀ ᴡᴀʏ. Iᴛ ᴄᴏᴜʟᴅ ɴᴏᴛ ʙᴇ ᴊᴜᴅɢᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴀ ᴅɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴏɴ ғʀᴏᴍ ʟɪʙᴇʀᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟɪsᴍ," Bᴜʟᴜᴛ ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠᴇᴅ.
"Bᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ᴏʙᴠɪᴏᴜsʟʏ ᴄʟᴀᴜsᴇs ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴄᴏᴜʟᴅ ʙᴇ sᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴄʀɪᴛɪᴄɪsᴍ," ʜᴇ ᴀᴅᴅᴇᴅ, ᴘᴏɪɴᴛɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛ ᴀᴘᴘᴏɪɴᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴠɪᴄᴇ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛs ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴏʟᴅɪɴɢ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛɪᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴀʀʟɪᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴀʀʏ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴs sɪᴍᴜʟᴛᴀɴᴇᴏᴜsʟʏ.
"Iɴ ᴀ ᴄʟᴀssɪᴄ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛɪᴀʟ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ, ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ɴᴏ sᴜᴄʜ ᴘʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴅᴏɪɴɢ ʙᴏᴛʜ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ sᴀᴍᴇ ᴛɪᴍᴇ," ʜᴇ sᴀɪᴅ.
Bᴜʟᴇɴᴛ Oʀᴀᴋᴏɢʟᴜ, ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏʀᴍᴇʀ ɪɴᴛᴇʟʟɪɢᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴄʜɪᴇғ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴏʟɪᴄᴇ ᴅᴇᴘᴀʀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ, ᴇᴠᴀʟᴜᴀᴛᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏsᴀʟ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɴs ᴏғ ʜɪs ᴏᴡɴ ᴇxᴘᴇʀɪᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ʜᴏᴡ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴs. Hᴇ ᴛʀɪᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴇᴠᴇɴᴛ ᴛʜᴇ Fᴇʙʀᴜᴀʀʏ 28, 1997 ᴄᴏᴜᴘ ʙʏ ɪɴғᴏʀᴍɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴇɴ-Eʀʙᴀᴋᴀɴ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʟᴏᴛ, ᴏɴʟʏ ᴛᴏ ғɪɴᴅ ʜɪᴍsᴇʟғ ᴘʀᴏsᴇᴄᴜᴛᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ɪᴍᴘʀɪsᴏɴᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀ ʜᴇᴀᴠɪʟʏ ᴍɪʟɪᴛᴀʀʏ-ɪɴғʟᴜᴇɴᴄᴇᴅ Tᴜʀᴋɪsʜ ᴄᴏᴜʀᴛ ᴏɴ ᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʜᴇ ʜᴀᴅ sᴘɪᴇᴅ ᴀɢᴀɪɴsᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪʟɪᴛᴀʀʏ.