Which were the factors that helped Europeans to discover new sea route to India?
Answers
Explanation:
Discovery of Sea-route to India by western countries happens to be one of the most important events in modern times. The wealth of India was an attraction.
The Europeans knew about the wealth since ancient time out of the trade link that India established with Greece and Rome. Indian traders used to carry Indian goods for sale in European markets through Afghanistan, Persia, Arab, Egypt and Turkey with hardship.
Europeans to facilitate trade with India were putting efforts to discover Sea-route to India. Some businessmen used to carry Indian goods to European markets through Arabian Sea, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Persian gulf.
All these trade routes were closed for the Europeans during medieval period. The Muslims of Arab countries monopolized the trade and prevented others for that trade profit. Gradually the relation of the western people with the Muslims became bitter. By the end of medieval period there took place a great change in the minds of the Europeans due to the Renaissance. People could come to know the theory that “Earth is round”.
The world famous geographer Cristopher Columbus on the basis of this idea ventured to discover the sea-route to India. For this he appealed the European Kings for help. At last he got the blessings of the king and the queen of Spain for help and started his journey in the Atlantic Ocean.
After a long journey on the sea columbus and his sailors reached in a new land and hoisted the Spanish flag. Columbus thought that he had reached the Islands nearby India and thus named the islands as Indies and he called the people of that place as Red Indians because of their body colour. Actually Columbus could reach in the islands near North America and thus the Europeans could discover America.
On the other hand the Portuguese sailors were busy in getting the discovery of Sea-route to India materialized. Portuguese sailor Barthelomiu-Diaz started his journey and reached in the Southern part of Africa.
He could not able to proceed further due to heavy storm in that island and returned from that place giving the name of that place as the Cape of Storm. Vasco-da-Gama ventured to cross that cape of storm and reached near Calicut in the year 1498 on the western coast of India.
As he could not get any trouble in the cape of storm and could easily enter into the stream of Indian Ocean he renamed that island as Cape of Good Hope. Thus the Sea-route to India was finally discovered by Vasco-dagama in 1498 that made every European happy.
A new chapter in the history of India began. European traders started coming to India for trade. Competition for supremacy for trade among the European community’s started to grow on the soil of India. Among the Europeans the English, the French, the Dutch, the Spaniards, the Portuguese marched for creating a mark of their commercial supremacy in India.
Answer:
Explanation:
The plan for working on the Cape Route to India was charted by Portuguese King John II as a cost saving measure in the trade with Asia and also an attempt to monopolize the spice trade.[citation needed] Adding to the increasingly influential Portuguese maritime presence, John II craved for trade routes and for the expansion of the kingdom of Portugal which had already been transformed into an Empire. However, the project was not realized during his reign. It as his successor, King Manuel I, who designated Vasco da Gama for this expedition, while maintaining the original plan.[citation needed]
However, this development was not viewed well by the upper classes. In the Cortes de Montemor-o-Novo of 1495 an opposite view was visible over the journey that John II had so painstakingly prepared. This point of view was contented with the trade with Guinea and North Africa and feared the challenges posed by the maintenance of any overseas territories, and the cost involved in the launching and maintenance of sea lanes. This position is embodied in the character of The Old Man of Restelo that appears in Os Lusíadas of the Portuguese epic poet Luís Vaz de Camões, who opposes the boarding of the armada.[citation needed] Os Lusíadas It is often regarded as the most important work of Portuguese literature. The work celebrates the discovery of a sea route to India by the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama.[1]
King Manuel did not share that opinion. Keeping the D. João II plan, he went ahead to equip the ships and chose Vasco da Gama as the leader of this expedition and the captain of the armada.[citation needed] According to the original plan, John II had appointed his father, Stephen da Gama, to head the armada; but by the time of implementing the plan, both were deceased.
Portuguese were after spices, but they were very expensive because it was an inconvenience to trade. For example, it was dangerous and time consuming to travel by land from Europe to India. [2]As a result, King D. João II of Portugal established a plan for ships to explore the coast of Africa to see if India was navigable via around the cape, and through the Indian Ocean. King João II appointed Bartolomeu Dias, on October 10, 1486, to head an expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa in the hope of finding a trade route to India.[2] Dias helped in the construction of the São Gabriel and its sister ship, the São Rafael that were used by Vasco da Gama to sail past the Cape of Good Hope and continue to India.[2]
One of the sailors, Bartolomeu Dias passed the southernmost point of Africa known as the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. He declared it possible to travel to India by going around Africa. The Portuguese were then able to make an immense profit by using their own ships to retrieve the spices.
This global expedition was launched on 8 July 1497. It concluded two years later with the entry of the ships back into the river Tagus, bringing with them the good news that bestowed on Portugal a prestigious maritime position.
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