who adopted the idea of Bhakti after it attained popularity
Answers
Explanation:
Bhakti (Sanskrit: भक्ति) literally means "attachment, participation, fondness for, homage, faith, love, devotion, worship, purity".[1] It was originally used in Hinduism, referring to devotion and love for a personal God or a representational God by a devotee.[2][3] In ancient texts such as the Shvetashvatara Upanishad, the term simply means participation, devotion and love for any endeavor, while in the Bhagavad Gita, it connotes one of the possible paths of spirituality and towards moksha, as in bhakti marga.[4]
Bhakti in Indian religions is "emotional devotionalism", particularly to a personal God or to spiritual ideas.[5][6] Thus, bhakti requires a relationship between the devotee and the deity.[7] The term also refers to a movement, pioneered by Alvars and Nayanars, that developed around the gods Vishnu (Vaishnavism), Brahma (Brahmanism), Shiva (Shaivism) and Devi (Shaktism) in the second half of the 1st millennium CE.[2][3][8] It grew rapidly in India after the 12th century in the various Hindu traditions, possibly in response to the arrival of Islam in India.[9][10][11]
Bhakti ideas have inspired many popular texts and saint-poets in India. The Bhagavata Purana, for example, is a Krishna-related text associated with the Bhakti movement in Hinduism.[12] Bhakti is also found in other religions practiced in India,[13][14][15] and it has influenced interactions between Christianity and Hinduism in the modern era.[16][17] Nirguni bhakti (devotion to the divine without attributes) is found in Sikhism, as well as Hinduism.[18][19] Outside India, emotional devotion is found in some Southeast Asian and East Asian Buddhist traditions, and it is sometimes referred to as Bhatti.
ʙʜᴀᴋᴛɪ (sᴀɴsᴋʀɪᴛ: भक्ति) ʟɪᴛᴇʀᴀʟʟʏ ᴍᴇᴀɴs "ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴍᴇɴᴛ, ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄɪᴘᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ғᴏɴᴅɴᴇss ғᴏʀ, ʜᴏᴍᴀɢᴇ, ғᴀɪᴛʜ, ʟᴏᴠᴇ, ᴅᴇᴠᴏᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴡᴏʀsʜɪᴘ, ᴘᴜʀɪᴛʏ".[1] ɪᴛ ᴡᴀs ᴏʀɪɢɪɴᴀʟʟʏ ᴜsᴇᴅ ɪɴ ʜɪɴᴅᴜɪsᴍ, ʀᴇғᴇʀʀɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴇᴠᴏᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴏᴠᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴀ ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴᴀʟ ɢᴏᴅ ᴏʀ ᴀ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ɢᴏᴅ ʙʏ ᴀ ᴅᴇᴠᴏᴛᴇᴇ.[2][3] ɪɴ ᴀɴᴄɪᴇɴᴛ ᴛᴇxᴛs sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ sʜᴠᴇᴛᴀsʜᴠᴀᴛᴀʀᴀ ᴜᴘᴀɴɪsʜᴀᴅ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴇʀᴍ sɪᴍᴘʟʏ ᴍᴇᴀɴs ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄɪᴘᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴅᴇᴠᴏᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴏᴠᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴀɴʏ ᴇɴᴅᴇᴀᴠᴏʀ, ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʙʜᴀɢᴀᴠᴀᴅ ɢɪᴛᴀ, ɪᴛ ᴄᴏɴɴᴏᴛᴇs ᴏɴᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴏssɪʙʟᴇ ᴘᴀᴛʜs ᴏғ sᴘɪʀɪᴛᴜᴀʟɪᴛʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴏᴡᴀʀᴅs ᴍᴏᴋsʜᴀ, ᴀs ɪɴ ʙʜᴀᴋᴛɪ ᴍᴀʀɢᴀ.[4]
ʙʜᴀᴋᴛɪ ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀɴ ʀᴇʟɪɢɪᴏɴs ɪs "ᴇᴍᴏᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴅᴇᴠᴏᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟɪsᴍ", ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄᴜʟᴀʀʟʏ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴᴀʟ ɢᴏᴅ ᴏʀ ᴛᴏ sᴘɪʀɪᴛᴜᴀʟ ɪᴅᴇᴀs.[5][6] ᴛʜᴜs, ʙʜᴀᴋᴛɪ ʀᴇǫᴜɪʀᴇs ᴀ ʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴsʜɪᴘ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴇᴠᴏᴛᴇᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴇɪᴛʏ.[7] ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴇʀᴍ ᴀʟsᴏ ʀᴇғᴇʀs ᴛᴏ ᴀ ᴍᴏᴠᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ, ᴘɪᴏɴᴇᴇʀᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀʟᴠᴀʀs ᴀɴᴅ ɴᴀʏᴀɴᴀʀs, ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴇᴅ ᴀʀᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴏᴅs ᴠɪsʜɴᴜ (ᴠᴀɪsʜɴᴀᴠɪsᴍ), ʙʀᴀʜᴍᴀ (ʙʀᴀʜᴍᴀɴɪsᴍ), sʜɪᴠᴀ (sʜᴀɪᴠɪsᴍ) ᴀɴᴅ ᴅᴇᴠɪ (sʜᴀᴋᴛɪsᴍ) ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅ ʜᴀʟғ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ 1sᴛ ᴍɪʟʟᴇɴɴɪᴜᴍ ᴄᴇ.[2][3][8] ɪᴛ ɢʀᴇᴡ ʀᴀᴘɪᴅʟʏ ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ 12ᴛʜ ᴄᴇɴᴛᴜʀʏ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠᴀʀɪᴏᴜs ʜɪɴᴅᴜ ᴛʀᴀᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴs, ᴘᴏssɪʙʟʏ ɪɴ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀʀɪᴠᴀʟ ᴏғ ɪsʟᴀᴍ ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ.[9][10][11]
ʙʜᴀᴋᴛɪ ɪᴅᴇᴀs ʜᴀᴠᴇ ɪɴsᴘɪʀᴇᴅ ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀʀ ᴛᴇxᴛs ᴀɴᴅ sᴀɪɴᴛ-ᴘᴏᴇᴛs ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ. ᴛʜᴇ ʙʜᴀɢᴀᴠᴀᴛᴀ ᴘᴜʀᴀɴᴀ, ғᴏʀ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ, ɪs ᴀ ᴋʀɪsʜɴᴀ-ʀᴇʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴇxᴛ ᴀssᴏᴄɪᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ʙʜᴀᴋᴛɪ ᴍᴏᴠᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ʜɪɴᴅᴜɪsᴍ.[12] ʙʜᴀᴋᴛɪ ɪs ᴀʟsᴏ ғᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ʀᴇʟɪɢɪᴏɴs ᴘʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴄᴇᴅ ɪɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ,[13][14][15] ᴀɴᴅ ɪᴛ ʜᴀs ɪɴғʟᴜᴇɴᴄᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴄʜʀɪsᴛɪᴀɴɪᴛʏ ᴀɴᴅ ʜɪɴᴅᴜɪsᴍ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʀɴ ᴇʀᴀ.[16][17] ɴɪʀɢᴜɴɪ ʙʜᴀᴋᴛɪ (ᴅᴇᴠᴏᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪɴᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ᴀᴛᴛʀɪʙᴜᴛᴇs) ɪs ғᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ sɪᴋʜɪsᴍ, ᴀs ᴡᴇʟʟ ᴀs ʜɪɴᴅᴜɪsᴍ.[18][19] ᴏᴜᴛsɪᴅᴇ ɪɴᴅɪᴀ, ᴇᴍᴏᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴅᴇᴠᴏᴛɪᴏɴ ɪs ғᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ sᴏᴍᴇ sᴏᴜᴛʜᴇᴀsᴛ ᴀsɪᴀɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴀsᴛ ᴀsɪᴀɴ ʙᴜᴅᴅʜɪsᴛ ᴛʀᴀᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴs, ᴀɴᴅ ɪᴛ ɪs sᴏᴍᴇᴛɪᴍᴇs ʀᴇғᴇʀʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀs ʙʜᴀᴛᴛɪ.[20][21][22]