who can teach me the lesson making the nationalism ncert class 8 with proper explanation .....full chapter.....100 points
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i can teach u
n can give notes as well
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National Movement
THE MAKING OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT: 1870s-1947
The Emergence of Nationalism
Within about a hundred years, the British took control of almost every aspect of life in India. Many Indians began to feel that the British control haPrevd to make India the country for Indians.
Early Political Associations:After 1850, many political associations were formed. Most of them were formed in the 1870s and 1880s. Most of these associations were led by English-educated professionals. Some of the important ones were; the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, the Indian Association, the Madras Mahajan Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association. The Indian National Congress was also formed during this period. The naming conventions of these political associations suggest that they wanted to take issues which affected all the people of India; although many of these associations functioned in specific parts of the country.
Some of the reasons for dissatisfaction with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s are as follows:
The Arms Act was passed in 1878. This Act disallowed Indians from possessing arms.
The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878. This Act empowered the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses, if the newspaper published anything “objectionable”.
The government tried to introduce the Ilbert Bill in 1883. The bill made provisions for trial of British or European persons by Indians. Thus, the Ilbert Bill sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country. But the whites opposed the Bill and forced the government to withdraw it.
The Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress was established in 1885 at Bombay. In its first meeting at Bombay, 72 delegates from all over the country were present. The early leadership was mainly composed of people from Bombay and Calcutta. Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W. C. Bonneryji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, etc. were part of the early leadership of Congress.
A nation in the making
In its first twenty years, the Congress was “moderate” in its objectives and methods. During this period, the main demand of Congress was about getting a greater voice for Indians in the government and administration. Some of the demands made by the Congress during this period are as follows:
The Congress wanted better representation of Indians in the Legislative Councils. It also wanted introduction of the Legislative Council in those provinces where none existed.
The Congress made a demand for civil service examinations to be held in India also.
The Congress also demanded a separation of judiciary and executive, the repeal of Arms Act and freedom of speech and expression.
Reduction in revenue, cut in military expenditure and more funds for irrigation.
The Congress also passed various resolutions on the salt tax, treatment of Indian labourers abroad and the suffering of forest dwellers.
These demands show that in spite of being a body of the educated elite, the Congress also talked about the common people.
The Moderate leaders wanted to create public awareness about the unjust nature of British rule. In order to do so, they published newspapers, wrote articles and tried to show the bad effects of the British rule.
THE MAKING OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT: 1870s-1947
The Emergence of Nationalism
Within about a hundred years, the British took control of almost every aspect of life in India. Many Indians began to feel that the British control haPrevd to make India the country for Indians.
Early Political Associations:After 1850, many political associations were formed. Most of them were formed in the 1870s and 1880s. Most of these associations were led by English-educated professionals. Some of the important ones were; the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, the Indian Association, the Madras Mahajan Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association. The Indian National Congress was also formed during this period. The naming conventions of these political associations suggest that they wanted to take issues which affected all the people of India; although many of these associations functioned in specific parts of the country.
Some of the reasons for dissatisfaction with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s are as follows:
The Arms Act was passed in 1878. This Act disallowed Indians from possessing arms.
The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878. This Act empowered the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses, if the newspaper published anything “objectionable”.
The government tried to introduce the Ilbert Bill in 1883. The bill made provisions for trial of British or European persons by Indians. Thus, the Ilbert Bill sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country. But the whites opposed the Bill and forced the government to withdraw it.
The Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress was established in 1885 at Bombay. In its first meeting at Bombay, 72 delegates from all over the country were present. The early leadership was mainly composed of people from Bombay and Calcutta. Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W. C. Bonneryji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, etc. were part of the early leadership of Congress.
A nation in the making
In its first twenty years, the Congress was “moderate” in its objectives and methods. During this period, the main demand of Congress was about getting a greater voice for Indians in the government and administration. Some of the demands made by the Congress during this period are as follows:
The Congress wanted better representation of Indians in the Legislative Councils. It also wanted introduction of the Legislative Council in those provinces where none existed.
The Congress made a demand for civil service examinations to be held in India also.
The Congress also demanded a separation of judiciary and executive, the repeal of Arms Act and freedom of speech and expression.
Reduction in revenue, cut in military expenditure and more funds for irrigation.
The Congress also passed various resolutions on the salt tax, treatment of Indian labourers abroad and the suffering of forest dwellers.
These demands show that in spite of being a body of the educated elite, the Congress also talked about the common people.
The Moderate leaders wanted to create public awareness about the unjust nature of British rule. In order to do so, they published newspapers, wrote articles and tried to show the bad effects of the British rule.
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Chapter – 11 History The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947
The Emergence of Nationalism:
(i) India was the people of India and all the people irrespective of class, colour, caste, creed, language or gender are Indians.
(ii) The awareness of being Indian and that its resources and systems were meant for all of them led to see the trace nature and role of British in India.
iii) The political associations came into being in the 1870s and 1880s.
iv) Poona Sarvajanik Sabha and many such associations functioned in specific parts of country their goals were stated as the goals of all the people of India.
(v) They worked with the idea that the people should be sovereign – a modern consciousness and a key feature of nationalism.
(viii) In 1883Lord Ripon’s Law Member, Sir Courtenay llbert introduced a bill called llbert Bill.
ix) The bill provided for the trail of British or European persons by Indians, and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country.
x) The bill caused widespread agitation among the Whites who strongl opposed the bill and forced the government to withdraw it.
xi) The Indian National Congress was established in 1885. It included 72delegates from different parts of the country which included leaders like DadaBhai Naoroji, W.C. Bonnerji, Surendranath Bannerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, Pherozeshah Mehta and Badruddin Tyabji.
Freedom is Our Birth Right:
(i) In Bengal, Maharashtra and Punjab, leaders such as Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai popularly known as ‘Lal, Bal, Pal’, strongly criticized the policies of the colonial government.
(ii) They demanded ‘Swaraj’. Tilak declared, ‘Freedom is my birth right and I shall have it’.
(iii) In 1905, Viceroy Curzon announced the partition of the biggest province British of India, Bengal which included Bihar and parts of Orrisa.
The Growth of Mass Nationalism:
(i) After 1919the struggle against Britain rule gradually became a mass movement, involving peasants, tribals, students and women in large numbers and factory workers.
ii) The first World War broke out in 1914and altered the economic and political situation in India
iii) India was dragged into the war and this led to a huge rise in defence expenditure of the government of India.
iv) Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which create great difficulties for the common people.
v) The war lead the British to expand their army. The government forced the villages in India to send their soldiers for an alien cause.
The Advent of Mahatma Gandhi:
(i) Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869at Porbandar in Gujarat.
(ii) He studied law in England and went to South Africa to practice law and stayed there for 20 years.
iii) He emerged as a mass leader of India.
iv) In South Africa, Gandhiji struggle for the Indians in non-violent marches against racist restrictions and had earned great respect and popularity both at national and international level.
The Rowlatt Satyagraha:
(i) In 1919, the government passe the Rowlatt Act and empowered the provincial governmetns to search any place and arrest any person whom it suspected without a warrant.
(ii) Gandhiji launched a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act which curbed the fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers.
(iii) Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammad Ali Jinnah criticized the act as ‘devilish’ and tyrannical.
Khilafat Agitation and the Non-Cooperation Movement:
(i) In 1920, the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa and he was deprived of his political powers and authority.
(ii) The Khilafat Movement was launched by Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali who wished to initated a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement against the British under the leadership of Gandhiji and demanded Swaraj.
iii) In 1921-22, the Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum, Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges. Many lawyers such as Moti Lal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali gave up their practices.
iv) British titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted. People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth.
The Happenings of 1922-29:
(i) In February 1922a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura, Gandhiji called off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(ii) Chittranjan Dass and Motilal Nehru argued that the party should fight elections to the councils and enter them in order to influence government policies.
The March to Dandi:
(i) In 1930, Gandhiji started the march to break the Salt Law. According to this law the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt.
(ii) Gandhiji and his followers marched from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal town of Dandi where they broke the Salt law by gathering natural salt found on the sea-shore are boiling sea water to produce salt.
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The Emergence of Nationalism:
(i) India was the people of India and all the people irrespective of class, colour, caste, creed, language or gender are Indians.
(ii) The awareness of being Indian and that its resources and systems were meant for all of them led to see the trace nature and role of British in India.
iii) The political associations came into being in the 1870s and 1880s.
iv) Poona Sarvajanik Sabha and many such associations functioned in specific parts of country their goals were stated as the goals of all the people of India.
(v) They worked with the idea that the people should be sovereign – a modern consciousness and a key feature of nationalism.
(viii) In 1883Lord Ripon’s Law Member, Sir Courtenay llbert introduced a bill called llbert Bill.
ix) The bill provided for the trail of British or European persons by Indians, and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country.
x) The bill caused widespread agitation among the Whites who strongl opposed the bill and forced the government to withdraw it.
xi) The Indian National Congress was established in 1885. It included 72delegates from different parts of the country which included leaders like DadaBhai Naoroji, W.C. Bonnerji, Surendranath Bannerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, Pherozeshah Mehta and Badruddin Tyabji.
Freedom is Our Birth Right:
(i) In Bengal, Maharashtra and Punjab, leaders such as Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai popularly known as ‘Lal, Bal, Pal’, strongly criticized the policies of the colonial government.
(ii) They demanded ‘Swaraj’. Tilak declared, ‘Freedom is my birth right and I shall have it’.
(iii) In 1905, Viceroy Curzon announced the partition of the biggest province British of India, Bengal which included Bihar and parts of Orrisa.
The Growth of Mass Nationalism:
(i) After 1919the struggle against Britain rule gradually became a mass movement, involving peasants, tribals, students and women in large numbers and factory workers.
ii) The first World War broke out in 1914and altered the economic and political situation in India
iii) India was dragged into the war and this led to a huge rise in defence expenditure of the government of India.
iv) Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which create great difficulties for the common people.
v) The war lead the British to expand their army. The government forced the villages in India to send their soldiers for an alien cause.
The Advent of Mahatma Gandhi:
(i) Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869at Porbandar in Gujarat.
(ii) He studied law in England and went to South Africa to practice law and stayed there for 20 years.
iii) He emerged as a mass leader of India.
iv) In South Africa, Gandhiji struggle for the Indians in non-violent marches against racist restrictions and had earned great respect and popularity both at national and international level.
The Rowlatt Satyagraha:
(i) In 1919, the government passe the Rowlatt Act and empowered the provincial governmetns to search any place and arrest any person whom it suspected without a warrant.
(ii) Gandhiji launched a Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act which curbed the fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers.
(iii) Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammad Ali Jinnah criticized the act as ‘devilish’ and tyrannical.
Khilafat Agitation and the Non-Cooperation Movement:
(i) In 1920, the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa and he was deprived of his political powers and authority.
(ii) The Khilafat Movement was launched by Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali who wished to initated a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement against the British under the leadership of Gandhiji and demanded Swaraj.
iii) In 1921-22, the Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum, Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges. Many lawyers such as Moti Lal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali gave up their practices.
iv) British titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted. People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth.
The Happenings of 1922-29:
(i) In February 1922a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura, Gandhiji called off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(ii) Chittranjan Dass and Motilal Nehru argued that the party should fight elections to the councils and enter them in order to influence government policies.
The March to Dandi:
(i) In 1930, Gandhiji started the march to break the Salt Law. According to this law the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt.
(ii) Gandhiji and his followers marched from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal town of Dandi where they broke the Salt law by gathering natural salt found on the sea-shore are boiling sea water to produce salt.
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what is meant by monopoly
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