Who divided bengal? When and why? Answer in point wise.
Answers
Answer:
The idea of the partition had been brought up only for administrative reasons. Therefore, Curzon planned to split Orissa and Bihar and join fifteen eastern districts of Bengal with Assam. The eastern province held a population of 31 million, most of which was Muslim, with its centre at Dhaka.
Explanation:
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Answer:
decision to split Bengal came in July and by October 16, 1905, Bengal had been divided into Piston Bengal and Assam (with a population of 31 million) and the rest of Bengal (with a population of the 4 million of who 18 million were Bengalis, and 36 million Biharis and Oriyas).
The decision had come after Lord Curzon claimed that Bengal was too large to be governed effectively
Divide and rule
The partition separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas
It was definitely the 'divide and rule' policy for the Indians and the whole population was outraged about the fact that the colonisers were turning native population against itself in order to rule.
Facts about the partition of Bengal
The provincial state of Bengal had a population of nearly 80 million at that time
It included the Hindi-speaking regions of Bihar, the Odia-speaking regions of Odisha and the Assamese-speaking region of Assam
The government announced the idea for partition in January 1904
The idea was opposed by Henry John Stedman Cotton, Chief Commissioner of Assam
But the Partition of Bengal went on to happen on October 16, 1905 by Viceroy Curzon
The former province of Bengal was divided into two new provinces -- 'Bengal' (which comprises of western Bengal and the province of Bihar and Orissa) and Eastern Bengal and Assam, with Dacca as the capital of the latter.
East Bengal was majorly into food and raw material production which the West Bengal people consumed and industrialized.
Reason for the partition of Bengal
The reason for the partition was all administrative
Bengal was as large as France and had a significantly larger population
Curzon had stated that the eastern region was neglected and under-governed and hence, by splitting the province, an improved administration could be established there.
The other reason for partition is believed to be that the Hindus were in a better position in terms of economic status and professional qualities than the Muslims; and during the pre-Sepoy Mutiny period, Hindu traders had greatly helped the British while their Muslim counterparts did not.
This had made the British angry
Hence, the benefits of Western education were given only to the Hindus and not the Muslims
For and against the partition of Bengal
The partition was supported by the Muslims of East Bengal and their support was motivated by both their poor economic conditions in East Bengal, as well as the believed dominance of the Hindu businessmen in West Bengal over the governance of Bengal.
It was opposed by the educated middle class of western Bengal
Political agitation following the partition of Bengal
Bengali Hindus were at the forefront of political agitation
Following the partition, an anti-British movement formed in opposition
This involved non-violent and violent protests, boycotts and even an assassination attempt against the Governor of the new province of West Bengal.
After partition, Hindu resistance exploded as the Indian National Congress began the Swadeshi movement
The movement was not supported by the Muslims because the Muslims in East Bengal had hoped that a separate region would give them more control and hence, they opposed the movements.
Louis Mountbatten discusses the partition plan with Jawaharlal Nehru and Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
Reunion of Bengal
Due to these political protests, the two parts of Bengal were reunited in 1911 and a new partition divided the province on linguistic, rather than religious grounds.
Re-partition of Bengal
In 1947, Bengal was partitioned for the second time, solely on religious grounds, as part of the Partition of India following the formation of India and Pakistan.
Also read | When Kolkata began as Calcutta: The history of the first capital of British India
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