Question

Who established a stable Maratha kingdom? Discuss his role in establishing and strengthening the Empire.

Answer 1

Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (1630 – 1680), the Maratha warrior and aristocrat belonging to the Bhonsle clan, established a stable Maratha kingdom defeating the Sultan of Bijapur and the Mughals. He was crowned the Sovereign of the Marathas, in 1674.

He was a fearless warrior who fought using guerrilla tactics. As an administrator, he was known for his generosity and religious tolerance. He brought about several reforms aimed at strengthening the Maratha kingdom. He built several forts, raised an impressive army and developed the navy along the west coast. His reforms for the common people improved their living conditions and was received well by the public.  

Answer 2

Chhatrapati Shivaji established a stable Maratha kingdom

EXPLANATION:

From the start of his career, Shivaji aimed to establish an independent kingdom of his own. He was not willing to serve under any 'Muslim rule' in any case. 'Shivaji' was inspired by the idea of freeing the 'Hindus from Muslim bondage'. The role of Shivaji in establishing and strengthening the 'Maratha Empire' was

• Shivaji was responsible for carving out a powerful kingdom in the region of Konkan.
• The Marathas were well-organised under Shivaji's leadership.
• Shivaji dreamt of building a huge empire. While Shivaji was young, he had put together a small army. Using guerrilla warfare, Shivaji captured several forts near Poona (Pune).
• The rising power of Shivaji had alarmed the Bijapur king. He sent an army under 'Afzal Khan' to crush the Marathas. However, Shivaji killed Afzal Khan and also defeated the Bijapur army

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