who exercises all govermental powers ?
Answers
Answer:
I don't know sorry mate
Explanation:
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Explanation:
Concern about excessive governmental power is external to the usual topics of effectiveness and individual desert in the determination of appropriate punishment. To worry about whether it is proper for modern governments to extinguish life as a criminal sanction is not to address either topics like deterrence or incapacitation that concern the effects of punishment on crime rates or to address what particular punishment might be morally justified by the commission of a particular act. Restraints on government power of this sort are prior conditions to setting a scale of punishments based on individual desert or deterrence.
The external concerns that motivate restraints on punishment can produce debates in which the contestants are talking past each other, and in which differences of opinion exist even about the topic being debated. In many disputes about capital punishment, retentionists typically assume that the topic is crime control and therefore the issues are individual desert and deterrence, while abolitionists see the topic as the appropriate limits of power in the modern state, a concern that has little use for criminological data or expertise. Often the debate is decided by which side succeeds in establishing its view of the topic under discussion.
The other branch—Congress—has also weighed in on the powers of the presidency, by exercising its legislative role. Because legislation can be and often is highly specific, Congress has provided detail for what the President can and cannot do in a wide variety of situations. In this chapter, we will examine a few of the many examples of authority for presidential action, concentrating on those involving emergencies of some kind.
Rechtsstaat (Rule of Law: German Perspective)
P. Kunig, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001
1 ‘Rechtsstaat’: an Introduction
Rechtsstaat concerns the age-old question of how to achieve order and freedom within a state. It connotes a balance between creating government authority powerful enough to keep peace both internally and externally, to protect the state from violence or intervention on the one hand, and to secure a maximum of individual freedom on the other.
Rechtsstaat is a modern coinage which gained currency in German-speaking Europe in the early nineteenth century, when political thought from the French Revolution and the struggle for independence in British North America found wide support among the middle classes in Germany. English concepts for reining in the exercise of governmental power through law thus also count among the sources which influenced the evolution of ‘Rechtsstaat.’ From this point of view, a ‘Rechtsstaat’ is more than mere statehood characterized by an exercise of government power based on, and limited by, law. Rechtsstaat is closely connected to democracy, as democracy is a mode of legitimizing the exercise of power. If a democratic system is intended to be a Rechtsstaat, it needs to be governed by legal rules on the sources of such legitimacy.
The German-language term Rechtsstaat does not represent a phenomenon unique to Germany, but is the semantic and conceptual reaction to a fundamental issue of modern statehood. In the course of efforts to establish the rule of law in Germany, Rechtsstaat had been a political slogan to which various contents and political demands attached. It was only later that the term became textually included in written constitutions. With its many facets and unclear limits, it was misus