Who introduced dual system of govt in bengal and y?
Answers
The Diwani (Fiscal) was carried out by the company so Company was Diwan.
The Nizamat (territorial) jurisdiction was carried out by these decrepit Indians so they were Nizam.
So, this system of separate Diwan and Nizam is called Dual Administration. However, the real authority was East India Company in the Nizamat also.
The biggest fall out of this system was that the Indian Merchants were reduced to beggars. On the one side, British kept enjoying the duty free trade; the Indian merchants were to pay around 40% of the revenue.
The peasants were now under the British revenue collection. The British left no stone unturned to extract each penny. There was zero activity in the name of development so Peasants started turning beggars.
The new confusing administrative machinery which was not properly set up created chaos .
The Officials of the British East India Company such as Lord Clive became extremely rich due to the clandestine private trade.
This was the beginning of the Economic loot from India, which made England the wealthiest country in the world in the 19th and 20th century. The consequence of this steady drain upon the production of the country soon began to be felt.
Advantages of Dual Government for Britishers:
Clive showed his sagacity by following the policy of decentralization in the matter of Company's administration in Bengal. By this policy he could safely avert possible combined attack from the side of the Indian princes. He could save the British in India from the wrath of the Indian rulers who might have taken drastic steps to oust the British from India had it been done otherwise.
By the dual system of Government in Bengal Clive could save the company from the jealousy of the other European powers like the French, the Dutch and the Portuguese. These European powers would have withdrawn their payment of tariff to the servants of the Company on the event of Clive's occupation of Bengal.
Clive was wise enough not to take upon the administration of Bengal directly. He knew fully well that the servants of the company were not conversant with the languages, customs, traditions and laws prevailing among the people of Bengal.
They were merely writers in the Company's service. They would have cut a very sorry figure had they been entrusted with the administration of Bengal in the event of Clive's occupation of the state. In addition to their ignorance of the task of administration, their number was also too small to manage it.
Both the Board of Directors and the British Parliament were not in favour of direct administration in Bengal. Clive did not like to insure displeasure of the home authority by taking over the administration of Bengal directly. By establishing Dual Government in Bengal Clive showed his honour to the Board of Directors on the one hand and saved the Company from the wrath of British parliament on the other.
The dual Government in Bengal helped the East India Company to remain free from the real responsibility of the administration of Bengal. The English Company got power and pelf by this system of Government by successfully keeping themselves away from the hazards of administration. For every omission and commission in the Government the Nawab of Bengal was to Bengal held responsible.
Lastly, Clive established Dual Government in Bengal because the exigencies of time demanded it. It provided a conducive atmosphere for the growth of British power in India under the prevailing circumstances. Any alternative would have led the company to disaster. It was stop-gap arrangement. It was make-shift agreement which aimed at tiding over the difficulties confronting the English in 1765.