who is Austin's/monistic theory of sovereignty?
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John Austin states his theory of sovereignty as under: “If a determinate human superior not in the habit of obedience to a like superior receives habitual obedience from the bulk of a given society that superior is sovereign and that society (including the superior) is a society political and independent.”
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Austin argues that laws are rules, which he defines as a type of command. More precisely, laws are general commands issued by a sovereign to members of an independent political society, and backed up by credible threats of punishment or other adverse consequences ("sanctions") in the event of non-compliance.
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