Who is group attached to the carbon atom of benzene ring activated towards electrophile
Answers
HELLO THERE!
Your question cannot be understood. Still, I'm answering according to the way I understood your question:
To activate the benzene ring, we need Ring Activator groups, which are generally +M or +R groups (groups showing +Mesomeric effect). These groups shift the electron cloud towards the ring and activates the ring for Electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Actually, they shift the electron cloud towards the ring, and hence, the PI electron cloud in the ring increases, which favours Electrophile to attack it.
-NH₂ is a group showing +M effect. It has two lone pairs. When it is attached to the carbon of benzene ring, its lone pair is donated to the ring (i.e, electrons are shifted towards the ring). These electrons now get engaged in Resonance, and hence there is a development of negative charge in Ortho and Para positions.
Electrophiles are positively charged groups, so they attack the positions containing negative charge. And, since the ortho and para positions develop negative charge, Electrophilic substitution is at ortho and para positions. So, we can conclude that NH₂ group is o-p directing.
Refer to the attachment provided by me. There, I have shown the aniline (Amino Benzene, or C₆H₅NH₂) compound first. As the lone pair electrons of N get engaged in resonance, negative charge is generated in ortho (o) and para (p) positions, which are attacked by Electrophiles.
THANKS!
Answer:
Nitrile group
Explanation:
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