Who is Nelson Mandela?
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Answer:
the first president of new Africa ..........
ɴᴇʟsᴏɴ ʀᴏʟɪʜʟᴀʜʟᴀ ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ(18 ᴊᴜʟʏ 1918 – 5 ᴅᴇᴄᴇᴍʙᴇʀ 2013) ᴡᴀs ᴀ sᴏᴜᴛʜ ᴀғʀɪᴄᴀɴ ᴀɴᴛɪ-ᴀᴘᴀʀᴛʜᴇɪᴅ ʀᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ, ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ʟᴇᴀᴅᴇʀ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʜɪʟᴀɴᴛʜʀᴏᴘɪsᴛ ᴡʜᴏ sᴇʀᴠᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ sᴏᴜᴛʜ ᴀғʀɪᴄᴀ ғʀᴏᴍ 1994 ᴛᴏ 1999. ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ's ғɪʀsᴛ ʙʟᴀᴄᴋ ʜᴇᴀᴅ ᴏғ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʀsᴛ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴀ ғᴜʟʟʏ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴅᴇᴍᴏᴄʀᴀᴛɪᴄ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ. ʜɪs ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ғᴏᴄᴜsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴅɪsᴍᴀɴᴛʟɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɢᴀᴄʏ ᴏғ ᴀᴘᴀʀᴛʜᴇɪᴅ ʙʏ ᴛᴀᴄᴋʟɪɴɢ ɪɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟɪsᴇᴅ ʀᴀᴄɪsᴍ ᴀɴᴅ ғᴏsᴛᴇʀɪɴɢ ʀᴀᴄɪᴀʟ ʀᴇᴄᴏɴᴄɪʟɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ɪᴅᴇᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟʟʏ ᴀɴ ᴀғʀɪᴄᴀɴ ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟɪsᴛ ᴀɴᴅ sᴏᴄɪᴀʟɪsᴛ, ʜᴇ sᴇʀᴠᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀғʀɪᴄᴀɴ ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴɢʀᴇss (ᴀɴᴄ) ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ ғʀᴏᴍ 1991 ᴛᴏ 1997.ᴀ xʜᴏsᴀ, ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ ᴡᴀs ʙᴏʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴍʙᴜ ʀᴏʏᴀʟ ғᴀᴍɪʟʏ ɪɴ ᴍᴠᴇᴢᴏ, ʙʀɪᴛɪsʜ sᴏᴜᴛʜ ᴀғʀɪᴄᴀ. ʜᴇ sᴛᴜᴅɪᴇᴅ ʟᴀᴡ ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ғᴏʀᴛ ʜᴀʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴡɪᴛᴡᴀᴛᴇʀsʀᴀɴᴅ ʙᴇғᴏʀᴇ ᴡᴏʀᴋɪɴɢ ᴀs ᴀ ʟᴀᴡʏᴇʀ ɪɴ ᴊᴏʜᴀɴɴᴇsʙᴜʀɢ. ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ʜᴇ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴍᴇ ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴀɴᴛɪ-ᴄᴏʟᴏɴɪᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀғʀɪᴄᴀɴ ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟɪsᴛ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄs, ᴊᴏɪɴɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɴᴄ ɪɴ 1943 ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏ-ғᴏᴜɴᴅɪɴɢ ɪᴛs ʏᴏᴜᴛʜ ʟᴇᴀɢᴜᴇ ɪɴ 1944. ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ's ᴡʜɪᴛᴇ-ᴏɴʟʏ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴇsᴛᴀʙʟɪsʜᴇᴅ ᴀᴘᴀʀᴛʜᴇɪᴅ, ᴀ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ᴏғ ʀᴀᴄɪᴀʟ sᴇɢʀᴇɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴘʀɪᴠɪʟᴇɢᴇᴅ ᴡʜɪᴛᴇs, ʜᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɴᴄ ᴄᴏᴍᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇᴍsᴇʟᴠᴇs ᴛᴏ ɪᴛs ᴏᴠᴇʀᴛʜʀᴏᴡ. ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ ᴡᴀs ᴀᴘᴘᴏɪɴᴛᴇᴅ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɴᴄ's ᴛʀᴀɴsᴠᴀᴀʟ ʙʀᴀɴᴄʜ, ʀɪsɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴍɪɴᴇɴᴄᴇ ғᴏʀ ʜɪs ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ 1952 ᴅᴇғɪᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴄᴀᴍᴘᴀɪɢɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ 1955 ᴄᴏɴɢʀᴇss ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴇᴏᴘʟᴇ. ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ʀᴇᴘᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅʟʏ ᴀʀʀᴇsᴛᴇᴅ ғᴏʀ sᴇᴅɪᴛɪᴏᴜs ᴀᴄᴛɪᴠɪᴛɪᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴡᴀs ᴜɴsᴜᴄᴄᴇssғᴜʟʟʏ ᴘʀᴏsᴇᴄᴜᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ 1956 ᴛʀᴇᴀsᴏɴ ᴛʀɪᴀʟ. ɪɴғʟᴜᴇɴᴄᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴍᴀʀxɪsᴍ, ʜᴇ sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛʟʏ ᴊᴏɪɴᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀɴɴᴇᴅ sᴏᴜᴛʜ ᴀғʀɪᴄᴀɴ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪsᴛ ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ (sᴀᴄᴘ). ᴀʟᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜ ɪɴɪᴛɪᴀʟʟʏ ᴄᴏᴍᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ɴᴏɴ-ᴠɪᴏʟᴇɴᴛ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇsᴛ, ɪɴ ᴀssᴏᴄɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ sᴀᴄᴘ ʜᴇ ᴄᴏ-ғᴏᴜɴᴅᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪʟɪᴛᴀɴᴛ ᴜᴍᴋʜᴏɴᴛᴏ ᴡᴇ sɪᴢᴡᴇ ɪɴ 1961 ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴇᴅ ᴀ sᴀʙᴏᴛᴀɢᴇ ᴄᴀᴍᴘᴀɪɢɴ ᴀɢᴀɪɴsᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ. ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴀʀʀᴇsᴛᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ɪᴍᴘʀɪsᴏɴᴇᴅ ɪɴ 1962, ᴀɴᴅ sᴜʙsᴇϙᴜᴇɴᴛʟʏ sᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ʟɪғᴇ ɪᴍᴘʀɪsᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ғᴏʀ ᴄᴏɴsᴘɪʀɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴏᴠᴇʀᴛʜʀᴏᴡ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ғᴏʟʟᴏᴡɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ʀɪᴠᴏɴɪᴀ ᴛʀɪᴀʟ.
ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ sᴇʀᴠᴇᴅ 27 ʏᴇᴀʀs ɪɴ ᴘʀɪsᴏɴ, sᴘʟɪᴛ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ʀᴏʙʙᴇɴ ɪsʟᴀɴᴅ, ᴘᴏʟʟsᴍᴏᴏʀ ᴘʀɪsᴏɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴠɪᴄᴛᴏʀ ᴠᴇʀsᴛᴇʀ ᴘʀɪsᴏɴ. ᴀᴍɪᴅ ɢʀᴏᴡɪɴɢ ᴅᴏᴍᴇsᴛɪᴄ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴛᴇʀɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴘʀᴇssᴜʀᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ғᴇᴀʀs ᴏғ ᴀ ʀᴀᴄɪᴀʟ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ ᴡᴀʀ, ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ғ. ᴡ. ᴅᴇ ᴋʟᴇʀᴋ ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsᴇᴅ ʜɪᴍ ɪɴ 1990. ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴅᴇ ᴋʟᴇʀᴋ ʟᴇᴅ ᴇғғᴏʀᴛs ᴛᴏ ɴᴇɢᴏᴛɪᴀᴛᴇ ᴀɴ ᴇɴᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴘᴀʀᴛʜᴇɪᴅ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʀᴇsᴜʟᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ 1994 ᴍᴜʟᴛɪʀᴀᴄɪᴀʟ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀʟ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ ʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɴᴄ ᴛᴏ ᴠɪᴄᴛᴏʀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴍᴇ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ. ʟᴇᴀᴅɪɴɢ ᴀ ʙʀᴏᴀᴅ ᴄᴏᴀʟɪᴛɪᴏɴ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴘʀᴏᴍᴜʟɢᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ ᴇᴍᴘʜᴀsɪsᴇᴅ ʀᴇᴄᴏɴᴄɪʟɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ's ʀᴀᴄɪᴀʟ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘs ᴀɴᴅ ᴄʀᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀᴜᴛʜ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇᴄᴏɴᴄɪʟɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴄᴏᴍᴍɪssɪᴏɴ ᴛᴏ ɪɴᴠᴇsᴛɪɢᴀᴛᴇ ᴘᴀsᴛ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ʀɪɢʜᴛs ᴀʙᴜsᴇs. ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏᴍɪᴄᴀʟʟʏ, ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ's ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʀᴇᴛᴀɪɴᴇᴅ ɪᴛs ᴘʀᴇᴅᴇᴄᴇssᴏʀ's ʟɪʙᴇʀᴀʟ ғʀᴀᴍᴇᴡᴏʀᴋ ᴅᴇsᴘɪᴛᴇ ʜɪs ᴏᴡɴ sᴏᴄɪᴀʟɪsᴛ ʙᴇʟɪᴇғs, ᴀʟsᴏ ɪɴᴛʀᴏᴅᴜᴄɪɴɢ ᴍᴇᴀsᴜʀᴇs ᴛᴏ ᴇɴᴄᴏᴜʀᴀɢᴇ ʟᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇғᴏʀᴍ, ᴄᴏᴍʙᴀᴛ ᴘᴏᴠᴇʀᴛʏ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴇxᴘᴀɴᴅ ʜᴇᴀʟᴛʜᴄᴀʀᴇ sᴇʀᴠɪᴄᴇs. ɪɴᴛᴇʀɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟʟʏ, ʜᴇ ᴀᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴍᴇᴅɪᴀᴛᴏʀ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀɴ ᴀᴍ ғʟɪɢʜᴛ 103 ʙᴏᴍʙɪɴɢ ᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ sᴇʀᴠᴇᴅ ᴀs sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛᴀʀʏ-ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀʟ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴏɴ-ᴀʟɪɢɴᴇᴅ ᴍᴏᴠᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ғʀᴏᴍ 1998 ᴛᴏ 1999. ʜᴇ ᴅᴇᴄʟɪɴᴇᴅ ᴀ sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛɪᴀʟ ᴛᴇʀᴍ, ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴ 1999 ᴡᴀs sᴜᴄᴄᴇᴇᴅᴇᴅ ʙʏ ʜɪs ᴅᴇᴘᴜᴛʏ, ᴛʜᴀʙᴏ ᴍʙᴇᴋɪ. ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴍᴇ ᴀɴ ᴇʟᴅᴇʀ sᴛᴀᴛᴇsᴍᴀɴ ᴀɴᴅ ғᴏᴄᴜsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴄᴏᴍʙᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏᴠᴇʀᴛʏ ᴀɴᴅ ʜɪᴠ/ᴀɪᴅs ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴀʀɪᴛᴀʙʟᴇ ɴᴇʟsᴏɴ ᴍᴀɴᴅᴇʟᴀ ғᴏᴜɴᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.