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Explanation:
11. Distinguish Between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
Answer: The difference between amorphous and crystalline solids are discussed below:
Crystalline solids are arranged in a regular pattern, whereas the amorphous solids do not show a regular arrangement.
Due to this arrangement, the crystalline solids tend to possess the short-range order and long-range order, while the amorphous solids only possess a shorter range order.
Crystalline solids possess a sharper melting point, while the amorphous solids melt over a wide range of different temperatures.
Crystalline solids have definite heat of fusion while amorphous solids do not have a specific heat of fusion.
Crystalline solids exhibit a cleaner and distinct edge when they are cut with a knife, while the amorphous solid show irregular patterns when cut with a knife.
Crystalline solids are anisotropic in nature, while amorphous solids possess isotropism.
Crystalline solids are known to be true solids, and on the other hand, the amorphous solids are referred to as pseudo solids or even supercooled solid.
12.unit cell: A unit cell is the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire crystal.
space lattice: A space lattice is an array of points showing how particles (atoms, ions or molecules) are arranged at different sites in three dimensional spaces.
The number of atoms per unit cell of FCC crystal structure = 4 and, The number of atoms per unit cell of BCC crystal structure = 2.
13.For fcc unit cell, a= 2 root 2r
Here, a is the edge length and r is the atomic radius (0.144 nm).
a=2 root 2r X0.144=0.407 nm
Hence, the length of a side of a cell is 0.407 nm.
14. a)Thus the IUPAC name of H2C-CH-CH2-OH is Prop-2-ene-1-ol.
b)2-chloro-2-methylpropane