who is the perfect prime minster in india
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narendra modi ...........
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Atal Bihari Vajpayee, by some distance, is the finest PM we have had. (Narasimha Rao, arguably, comes in second.) With only 182 seats, and reliant on capricious allies for the stability of his government, which had, previously, served two separate terms of 13 days and a year, Vajpayee undertook far-reaching, economically liberal reforms that really set India on the growth path, allowing the UPA to ride the substantial capital inflows during the 2000s to post high growth rates, whilst experiencing the lagged effect of the Vajpayee reform.
Vajpayee, cleverly, utilised his status as the only consensus prime-ministerial candidate in the coalition to push through reforms he was certain were needed, threatening resignation otherwise. This excerpt from Arvind Panagariya's excellent "India: The Emerging Giant" is worth reproducing in full: "Tariff rates were brought down, with the top industrial tariff rate declining from 45 to 20%. There was a major reform of the indirect tax system and tax administration. The telecommunications sector was revolutionised through a series of very important reforms. The government introduced genuine privatisation, with several public sector enterprises transferred into private hands. The insurance sector was opened to the private sector, with limited foreign investment permitted as well. The reform of the civil service pension system was also launched. On the macroeconomic front, most interest rates were liberalised, greater competition was introduced in the banking sector through more liberal entry of domestic and foreign private banks, and several external capital account transactions were freed up. The Urban Land Ceilings and Regulation Act of 1976 (Urban Land Ceiling & Regulation Act (ULCRA ),1976) was repealed. The government successfully embarked upon a massive programme of highway construction. A major step toward the reform of the power sector was taken through the Electricity Act of 2003. The government also amended the Companies Act of 1956 to introduce a genuine bankruptcy law".
Vajpayee was, as noted, firmly committed to privatisation, as evidenced by his promotion of Arun Shourie to Minster of Disinvestment from the head of the Department of Disinvestment, in order to strengthen his hand vis-a-vis ministers in charge of enterprises who were opposed to the sales. Incredibly, with only 182 MPs, Vajpayee seriously considered labour law reform, with his Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha even announcing his intention to reform the incredibly stifling Industrial Disputes Act in the 2001-02 budget; however, Vajpayee could not build enough internal consensus within the party to bring the matter to the Parliament floor.
Telecom—Similarly, Vajpayee was crucial in bringing about the telecommunications revolution, although Rajiv Gandhi is often, wrongly, credited with it (tele-density increased from 0.6% in 1989 to 2.8% in 1999). Vajpayee, who held the telecom portfolio, introduced the New Telecom Policy, taking the incredibly bold step of corporatising BSNL—which led to 400,000 Department of Telecommunications (DoT) employees going on a strike—separating policy formulation from service provision, and the DoT's regulatory and dispute settlement roles. That the DoT, which was the chief adjudicator of disputes, whilst also providing telecom services, was a glaring conflict of interest; the NTP changed that. The fixed licence fee payable upfront was lowered with the government introduced a revenue-sharing regime. A year later, unlimited competition was introduced in domestic long-distance telephony services, and import duties on mobile handsets were cut from 25% to 5%; 2 years after that, Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd.'s monopoly on international telephony ended.
Education—In 2001, Vajpayee launched the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aimed at the universalisation of elementary education, elevating the right to education to a fundamental right from a directive principle of state policy through the 86th constitutional amendment. Whilst quality of education remains a concern, especially in public schools (see the extensive ASER reports conducted by Pratham every year), SSA has been tremendously successful in bridging the enrolment. According to an IIM-A study conducted in 2006, the out-of-school population had come down from 28.5% in 2001 to 6.94% in 2005. According to the recent national census, net enrolment is now 98.59%.
Vajpayee, cleverly, utilised his status as the only consensus prime-ministerial candidate in the coalition to push through reforms he was certain were needed, threatening resignation otherwise. This excerpt from Arvind Panagariya's excellent "India: The Emerging Giant" is worth reproducing in full: "Tariff rates were brought down, with the top industrial tariff rate declining from 45 to 20%. There was a major reform of the indirect tax system and tax administration. The telecommunications sector was revolutionised through a series of very important reforms. The government introduced genuine privatisation, with several public sector enterprises transferred into private hands. The insurance sector was opened to the private sector, with limited foreign investment permitted as well. The reform of the civil service pension system was also launched. On the macroeconomic front, most interest rates were liberalised, greater competition was introduced in the banking sector through more liberal entry of domestic and foreign private banks, and several external capital account transactions were freed up. The Urban Land Ceilings and Regulation Act of 1976 (Urban Land Ceiling & Regulation Act (ULCRA ),1976) was repealed. The government successfully embarked upon a massive programme of highway construction. A major step toward the reform of the power sector was taken through the Electricity Act of 2003. The government also amended the Companies Act of 1956 to introduce a genuine bankruptcy law".
Vajpayee was, as noted, firmly committed to privatisation, as evidenced by his promotion of Arun Shourie to Minster of Disinvestment from the head of the Department of Disinvestment, in order to strengthen his hand vis-a-vis ministers in charge of enterprises who were opposed to the sales. Incredibly, with only 182 MPs, Vajpayee seriously considered labour law reform, with his Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha even announcing his intention to reform the incredibly stifling Industrial Disputes Act in the 2001-02 budget; however, Vajpayee could not build enough internal consensus within the party to bring the matter to the Parliament floor.
Telecom—Similarly, Vajpayee was crucial in bringing about the telecommunications revolution, although Rajiv Gandhi is often, wrongly, credited with it (tele-density increased from 0.6% in 1989 to 2.8% in 1999). Vajpayee, who held the telecom portfolio, introduced the New Telecom Policy, taking the incredibly bold step of corporatising BSNL—which led to 400,000 Department of Telecommunications (DoT) employees going on a strike—separating policy formulation from service provision, and the DoT's regulatory and dispute settlement roles. That the DoT, which was the chief adjudicator of disputes, whilst also providing telecom services, was a glaring conflict of interest; the NTP changed that. The fixed licence fee payable upfront was lowered with the government introduced a revenue-sharing regime. A year later, unlimited competition was introduced in domestic long-distance telephony services, and import duties on mobile handsets were cut from 25% to 5%; 2 years after that, Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd.'s monopoly on international telephony ended.
Education—In 2001, Vajpayee launched the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aimed at the universalisation of elementary education, elevating the right to education to a fundamental right from a directive principle of state policy through the 86th constitutional amendment. Whilst quality of education remains a concern, especially in public schools (see the extensive ASER reports conducted by Pratham every year), SSA has been tremendously successful in bridging the enrolment. According to an IIM-A study conducted in 2006, the out-of-school population had come down from 28.5% in 2001 to 6.94% in 2005. According to the recent national census, net enrolment is now 98.59%.
adarsh204:
excellent bro
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