Question

Who is the scientist that discovered that atom is electrically neutral and how did he arrive at such conclusion?

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Sir James Chadwick, born 120 years ago on October 20, 1891, made one of the most significant discoveries of our age by proving the existence of neutrons. 

The September installment of Nuclear Pioneers explored the artificial radioactivity research of Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on December 10, 1935. A misinterpretation of data perhaps cost the Joliot-Curies an earlier Nobel Prize, but instead led to James Chadwick taking the Nobel podium two days after the Joliot-Curies, on December 12, 1935, to receive the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the neutron.

The theory at the time was that there were “nuclear electrons” in the atomic nucleus, along with additional protons. The extra protons were thought to provide the extra atomic mass, while the additional electrons would cancel out their positive charge, leaving the atom electrically neutral. Eventually, however, calculations using Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle showed it was not possible for electrons to be contained in the nucleus.

There were other ideas. Ernest Rutherford in 1921 postulated a particle called the “neutron,” having a similar mass as a proton but electrically neutral. Rutherford imagined a paired proton and electron somehow joined in one particle. One major problem with Rutherford’s “neutron theory”—not much evidence.