who prepared detailed world maps using latitudes and longitudes
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Eratosthenes in the 3rd century BCE first proposed a system of latitude and longitude for a map of the world.
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Eratosthenes in the 3rd century BCE first proposed a system of latitude and longitude for a map of the world.
- His prime meridian (line of longitude) passed through Alexandria and Rhodes, while his parallels (lines of latitude) were not regularly spaced, but passed through known locations, often at the expense of being straight lines.
- By the 2nd century BCE Hipparchus was using a systematic coordinate system, based on dividing the circle into 360°, to uniquely specify places on Earth.
- So longitudes could be expressed as degrees east or west of the primary meridian, as we do today (though the primary meridian is different).
- He also proposed a method of determining longitude by comparing the local time of a lunar eclipse at two different places, to obtain the difference in longitude between them.
- This method was not very accurate, given the limitations of the available clocks, and it was seldom done – possibly only once, using the Arbela eclipse of 330 BCE.
- But the method is sound, and this is the first recognition that longitude can be determined by accurate knowledge of time.
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