who supervises the sewage disposal and supply of clean drinking water in village
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At the central level three Ministries have responsibilities in the sector: The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (until 2011 the Department of Drinking Water Supply in the Ministry of Rural Development) is responsible for rural water supply and sanitation; the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation ...
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The water supply and sanitation in India has increased greatly from 1980 to present. Still, many people lack access to clean water, toilets, and sewage infrastructure. Various government programs at national, state, and community level have brought rapid improvements in sanitation and the drinking water supply. Some of these programs are ongoing.
India: Water and Sanitation
Flag of India.svg
Data
Access to basic water source
92.67% (2019)[1][2]
Access to basic sanitation
99.3% (2019)[3]
Average urban water use (liter/capita/day)
126 (2006)[4]
Average urban water and sewer bill for 20m3
US$2 (2007)[5]
Share of household metering
55 percent in urban areas (1999)[6]
Share of collected wastewater treated
27% (2003)[7]
Annual investment in water supply and sanitation
US$5 / capita[8]
Institutions
Decentralization to municipalities
Partial
National water and sanitation company
No
Water and sanitation regulator
No
Responsibility for policy setting
State Governments; Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Ministry of Urban Development and Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation at the Federal Level
Sector law
No
Number of urban service providers
3,255 (1991)
Number of rural service providers
about 100,000
Water Treatment Plant in India.
In 1980 rural sanitation coverage was estimated at 1% and it reached 95% in 2018.[9][10] The share of Indians with access to improved sources of water has increased significantly from 72% in 1990 to 88% in 2008.[9]
At the same time, local government institutions mandated to provide drinking water and sanitation services are seen as weak and lack the financial resources to carry out their functions. In addition, only two Indian cities have continuous water supply and according to an estimate from 2018 about 8% of Indians still lack access to improved sanitation facilities.[11]
India: Water and Sanitation
Flag of India.svg
Data
Access to basic water source
92.67% (2019)[1][2]
Access to basic sanitation
99.3% (2019)[3]
Average urban water use (liter/capita/day)
126 (2006)[4]
Average urban water and sewer bill for 20m3
US$2 (2007)[5]
Share of household metering
55 percent in urban areas (1999)[6]
Share of collected wastewater treated
27% (2003)[7]
Annual investment in water supply and sanitation
US$5 / capita[8]
Institutions
Decentralization to municipalities
Partial
National water and sanitation company
No
Water and sanitation regulator
No
Responsibility for policy setting
State Governments; Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Ministry of Urban Development and Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation at the Federal Level
Sector law
No
Number of urban service providers
3,255 (1991)
Number of rural service providers
about 100,000
Water Treatment Plant in India.
In 1980 rural sanitation coverage was estimated at 1% and it reached 95% in 2018.[9][10] The share of Indians with access to improved sources of water has increased significantly from 72% in 1990 to 88% in 2008.[9]
At the same time, local government institutions mandated to provide drinking water and sanitation services are seen as weak and lack the financial resources to carry out their functions. In addition, only two Indian cities have continuous water supply and according to an estimate from 2018 about 8% of Indians still lack access to improved sanitation facilities.[11]
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