Who was cleopatra. Give a brief description of her administration
Answers
Answer:
Cleopatra VII Philopator was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. As a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. After the death of Cleopatra, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the second to last Hellenistic state and the age that had lasted since the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC). Her native language was Koine Greek, and she was the only Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language.
Answer:
Cleopatra VII Philopator was last active ruler of Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. As a member of Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general nd companion of Alexander Great. Aftr death of Cleopatra, Egypt became a province of Roman Empire, marking end of 2nd to last Hellenistic state nd age tht had lasted since the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC). Her native language was Koine Greek, nd she was only Ptolemaic ruler to learn Egyptian language. In 58 BC, Cleopatra presumably accompanied her father, Ptolemy XII, during his exile to Rome after a revolt in Egypt (a Roman client state) allowing his daughter Berenice IV to claim throne. Berenice was killed in 55 BC when Ptolemy returned to Egypt with Roman military assistance. When he died in 51 BC, joint reign of Cleopatra nd her brother Ptolemy XIII began, but a falling-out between them led to open civil war. After losing 48 BC Battle of Pharsalus in Greece against his rival Julius Caesar (a Roman dictator and consul) in Caesar's Civil War, Roman statesman Pompey fled to Egypt. Pompey had been a political ally of Ptolemy XII, but Ptolemy XIII, at urging of his court eunuchs, had Pompey ambushed nd killed before Caesar arrived nd occupied Alexandria. Caesar thn attempted to reconcile the rival Ptolemaic siblings, but Ptolemy's chief adviser Potheinos viewed Caesar's terms as favoring Cleopatra, so his forces besieged her nd Caesar at palace. Shortly after siege was lifted by reinforcements, Ptolemy XIII died in 47 BC Battle of Nile; Cleopatra's half-sister Arsinoe IV was eventually exiled to Ephesus for her role in carrying out siege. Caesar declared Cleopatra nd her brother Ptolemy XIV joint rulers, but maintained a private affair with Cleopatra tht produced a son, Caesarion. Cleopatra traveled to Rome as a client queen in 46 nd 44 BC, where she stayed at Caesar's villa. Aftr the assassinations of Caesar nd (on her orders) Ptolemy XIV in 44 BC, she named Caesarion co-ruler.
In Liberators' civil war of 43–42 BC, Cleopatra sided with Roman Second Triumvirate formed by Caesar's grandnephew nd heir Octavian, Mark Antony, nd Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. After their meeting at Tarsos in 41 BC, queen had an affair with Antony. He carried out execution of Arsinoe at her request, nd became increasingly reliant on Cleopatra for both funding nd military aid during his invasions of Parthian Empire nd Kingdom of Armenia. Donations of Alexandria declared their children Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene II, nd Ptolemy Philadelphus rulers over various erstwhile territories under Antony's triumviral authority. This event, their marriage, nd Antony's divorce of Octavian's sister Octavia Minor led to Final War of Roman Republic. Octavian engaged in a war of propaganda, forced Antony's allies in Roman Senate to flee Rome in 32 BC, nd declared war on Cleopatra. Aftr defeating Antony nd Cleopatra's naval fleet at 31 BC Battle of Actium, Octavian's forces invaded Egypt in 30 BC nd defeated Antony, leading to Antony's suicide. Whn Cleopatra learned that Octavian planned to bring her to his Roman triumphal procession, she killed herself by poisoning (contrary to the popular belief that she was bitten by an asp).
Administration of Cleopatra
Reign of Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt began with death of her father, ruling pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes, by March 52 BC. It ended with her death on 10 or 11 August 31 BC. Following reign of Cleopatra, country of Egypt was transformed into a province of Roman Empire nd Hellenistic period came to an end. During her reign she ruled Egypt nd other territories as an absolute monarch, in tradition of Ptolemaic dynasty's founder Ptolemy I Soter as well as Alexander Great of Macedon, who captured Egypt from Achaemenid Persian Empire.