who was foolish the kig or his minister
Answers
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1325-1351)
I first read about Muhammmad Bin Tughlaq when I was in Class 7th and even at that time, I couldn't stop myself from jeering at his completely disoriented policies.
He ascended to the throne of Delhi in 1324. Although he was a keen scholar and a more religiously tolerant ruler than other kings of his time, he took certain mammoth decisions that created history: A history that reeked of foolishness of a great king.
Here are some of the interesting decisions he took (with catastrophic results):
Introduction of token currency
During that era, gold and silver coins were the norm currency. Mohammad Bin Tughlaq however decided to introduce bronze and copper coins and accord them the same value as a silver coin. His idea was a reflection of today's modern paper currency and could have been successful provided he had carefully considered the advantages and disadvantages associated with using bronze and copper. Bronze and Copper were not only readily available but were also easy to forge. The public, pretty easily, forged the inscriptions on the coins and as a result, their circulation increased widely. Consequently, the value of the currency was seriously depreciated and whilst the State became poor, the public became rich. The treasury was severely depleted, which led to financial problems. Ultimately, this decision was revoked but not before severe damage had been done.
Shifting of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad
In order to rule better over the southern regions of India which were under his control, he decided to shift the capital from Delhi to a more centralised location in Daulatabad (near present day Pune). So far, so good. The problem began when he decided to shift the entire population of Delhi (YES, THE ENTIRE POPULATION) to Daulatabad. Thousands of people were shifted under ill-conditions. Many died on the way from the effort of making the journey. Again, upon realizing the faultiness of this decision , it was revoked but not before (again!) severe damage had been done. A lot of money was wasted, the livelihoods of people were uprooted and a lot of people were killed as a result of this decision.
Heavy Taxes
He imposed heavy taxes on the farmers in the fertile region of Doab. The poorer farmers who couldn't pay these taxes were severely punished. Even during famine, these farmers were not spared and were punished if they failed to pay their dues to the State. Thus, agriculture declined.
Ambitious Conquests
He was a pretty ambitious ruler and wanted to conquer Persia and China. He maintained a large army to execute these projects which cost a huge financial burden on the State. However, none of the projects met success. It is said that his men couldn't even successfully cross the Himalayas to reach China and the plan failed even before it had been properly started.
He had certain good qualities too, but these decisions which almost destroyed the State, overshadow his achievements in history.
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