Who was goshti very badly what was his contribution in the federation movement of italy?
Answers
Answer:
late 19th century had a huge impact on developments occurring in the Horn of Africa. The European powers (Italy, Great Britain and France) first gained a foothold in Somalia through the signing of various pacts and agreements with the Somali Sultans that then controlled the region, such as Yusuf Ali Kenadid, Boqor Osman Mahamuud and Mohamoud Ali Shire.[1]
At the end of the 19th century, a growing social-political movement developed within Italy to start expanding its influence, since many other European countries had already been doing so, which was effectively leaving Italy behind. Italy also had a huge shortage of capital and other serious economic problems.[3] It is also argued by some historians that Italy had a minor interest in the mutton and livestock that were then plentiful in Somalia, though whatever designs Italy may have had on the resource-challenged Somali landscape were undoubtedly subordinate to its interest in the region's ports and the waters and lands to which they provided access.[4]
Cesare Correnti organized an expedition under the Società Geografica Italiana in 1876. The next year, the travel journal "L’Esploratore" was established by Manfredo Camperio. The "Società di Esplorazioni Commerciali in Africa" was created in 1879, with the Italian Industrial Establishment involved as well.[5] The "Club Africano", which three years later became the "Società Africana D’Italia", was also established in Somalia in 1880.[6]
Explanation:
In late 1888, Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid entered into a treaty with the Italians, making his Sultanate of Hobyo an Italian protectorate. His rival Boqor Osman Mahamuud was to sign a similar agreement vis-a-vis his own Majeerteen Sultanate (Majeerteenia) the following year. Both rulers had entered into the protectorate treaties to advance their own expansionist goals, with Sultan Kenadid looking to use Italy's support in his ongoing power struggle with Boqor Osman over the Majeerteen Sultanate, as well as in a separate conflict with the Hiraab Sultanate over an area to the north of Warsheikh. In signing the agreements, the rulers also hoped to exploit the rival objectives of the European imperial powers so as to more effectively assure the continued independence of their territories.[7] The Italians, for their part, were interested in the largely arid territory mainly because of its ports, the latter of which could grant them access to the strategically important Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aden.[8]
The terms of each treaty specified that Italy was to steer clear of any interference in the Sultanates' respective administrations.[9] In return for Italian arms and an annual subsidy, the Sultans conceded to a minimum of oversight and economic concessions.[10] The Italians also agreed to dispatch a few ambassadors to promote both the Sultanates' and their own interests.[7] The new protectorates were thereafter managed by Vincenzo Filonardi through a chartered company.[10] An Anglo-Italian border protocol was later signed on 5 May 1894, followed by an agreement in 1906 between Cavalier Pestalozza and General Swaine acknowledging that Baran fell under the Majeerteen Sultanate's administration.[7]
The last piece of land acquired by Italy in Somalia in order to form Italian Somaliland was the Jubaland region.[8] Britain ceded the territory in 1925 as a reward for the Italians having joined the Allies in World War I.[11] The British retained control of the southern half of the partitioned Jubaland territory, which was later called the Northern Frontier District
January 1887 Italian troops from Somalia fought a battle against Ras Alula Engida's militia in Dogali, Eritrea, where they lost 500 troops. The Prime Minister, Agostino Depretis, resigned because of this defeat in July 1887. Francesco Crispi replaced him as Prime Minister. On May 2, 1889, the Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II and Italy signed a peace treaty.
1889-1893 Vincenzo Filonardi
1893-1896 Vacant
1896-1897 Vincenzo Filonardi
1897-1897 Ernesto Dulio
1897-1898 Giorgio Sorrentino
1898-1905 Emilio Dulio
1905-1906 Luigi Mercatelli
1906-1907 Giuseppe Salvago Raggi
1907-1908 Tommaso Carletti
1908-1910 Tommaso Carletti
1910-1916 Giacomo De Martino
1916-1919 Giovanni Cerrina Feroni
1920-1923 Carlo Ricci
1923-1928 Cesare Maria De Vecchi
1928-1931 Guido Corni
1931-1935 Maurizio Rava
1935-1936 Rodolfo Graziani
1936-1937 Angelo De Ruben
1937-1939 Francesco Saveno
1939-1940 Gustavo Pesenti
1940-1941 Carlo De Simone
References Edit