who was pandavas and kauravas
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The Pandavas are one of the central characters in the longest epic Mahabharata. They were five brothers, namely Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva, acknowledged as the sons of Pandu, the king of Hastinapur and his two wives Pritha and Madri. All five brothers were married to the same woman, Draupadi. The brothers are famous for their brotherhood, love, care and loyalty to one another. However, they had an infamous rivalry with their cousins, Kauravas, with whom they fought the Mahabharata War.
As Pandu could not conceive children due to a curse, the Pandavas were born using a mantra. They lived in a forest untill the death of Pandu and Madri. After their deaths, Pritha adopted Nakula and Sahadeva and took her five children to Hastinapura. There they met their cousins, who were not pleased by their arrival. The Kauravas and Pandavas were teached and trained by Kripa and Drona. From childhood, Duryodhana and his wicked uncle, Shakuni, tried to kill the Pandavas multiple times. One such was the event of Lakshagriha, which led the brothers and their mother to hide. During their hiding, Bhima married Hidimbā and had a son named Ghatotkach. During this period, Arjuna won the hands of Draupadi but she was married to all the five brothers due to Pritha's misunderstanding.
Later, the brothers were given a barren land to rule by Dhritrashtra. However they converted it into the magnificent city of Indraprastha. A jealous Duryodhana invited Yudhishthira to play a gambling match which was one of the turing point of the epic. The Pandavas and Draupadi lost fame, wealth and kingdom because of Yudhishthira's gambling addiction and were sent on an exile for thirteen years. After spending twelve years of forest exile, they lived in disguised in Matsya Kingdom.
Upon completion of the terms of the last bet, the Pandavas returned and demanded that their kingdom be rightfully returned to them. Duryodhana refused to yield Indraprastha. For the sake of peace and to avert a disastrous war, Krishna proposed that if Hastinapur agrees to give the Pandavas only five villages. if these five villages given they would be satisfied and would make no more demands.Duryodhana vehemently refused, commenting that he would not part even with land as much as the point of a needle. Thus the stage was set for the great war, for which the epic of Mahabharata is known most of all.
The war was intense and lasted 18 days, over the course of which both parties worked around, bent and even broke rules of warfare. At the end, all 100 Kaurava brothers and their entire army was slain, with only three surviving on their side. The Pandavas too lost several allies but the five brothers survived. After having won the war, Yudhishthira was crowned the king. At the end of war, only 10 survived the war on both sides, namely Ashwatthama, Kripacharya and Kritivarma on Kaurava side and the five Pandavas, Lord Krishna and Satyayik on Pandava side.
The Pandavas ruled Hastinapur for 36 years and established a righteous kingdom. Shortly after Lord Krishna left the Earth, they all decided that the time had come for them to renounce the world, as the age of Kali had started.So the five Pandavas and Draupadi left to the path of liberation.
Kaurava is a Sanskrit term for the descendants of King Kuru (or simply Kurava in Tamil), a legendary king who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the Mahābhārata. The well-known Kauravas are Duryodhana, Dushasana, Vikarna and 97 others. They were the sons of Gandhari and Dhritarashtra. Yuyutsu was also Dhritarashtra's son but is not included in Kaurava.
The birth of these children is relevant to the dispute over succession of the kingdom's throne. It attributes the late birth of Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhritarashtra despite his father's early marriage and legitimizes the case for his cousin Yudhishthira to claim the throne, since he could claim to be the eldest of his generation. All the sons of Dhritarashtra excluding Yuyutsu (born of Dhritarashtra's marriage with a maid thus a half-brother of Duryodhana) were killed in the great battle at Kurukshetra.