Who were Al-biruni and lBN-Battuta
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Al-Biruni, Ibn Battuta and Bernier. Al-Biruni was born in 973, in Khwarizm in present day Uzbekistan. ... In 1017, when Sultan Mahmud invaded Khwarizm, he took several scholars and poets back to his capital, Ghazni; Al-Biruni was one of them.
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Al biruni
Al-Biruni was born in 973, in Khwarizm in present day Uzbekistan.
Al-Biruni received the best education available at the time. He was well versed in several languages: Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Hebrew and Sanskrit.
In 1017, when Sultan Mahmud invaded Khwarizm, he took several scholars and poets back to his capital, Ghazni; Al-Biruni was one of them. He arrived in Ghazni as a hostage.
Al-Biruni's Kitab-ul-Hind, written in Arabic, is simple and lucid.
Al-Biruni adopted a distinctive structure in each chapter, beginning with a question, following this up with a description based on Sanskritic traditions, and concluding with a comparison with other cultures.
Al-Biruni depended almost exclusively on the works of Brahmanas, often citing passages from the Vedas, the Puranas, the Bhagavad Gita, the works of Patanjali, the Manusmriti, etc., to provide an understanding of Indian society.
IBN battuta
Ibn Battuta's book of travels, called Rihia, written in Arabic, provides extremely rich and interesting details about the social and cultural life in the subcontinent in the fourteenth century.
This Moroccan traveller was born in Tangier into one of the most respectable and educated families known for their expertise in Islamic religious law or shari'a.
Travelling overland through Central Asia, Ibn Battuta reached Sind in 1333.
The Sultan was impressed by his scholarship, and appointed him the qazi or judge of Delhi.
Some of the best examples of Ibn Battuta's strategies of representation are evident in the ways in which he described the coconut and the paan, two kinds of plant produce that were completely unfamiliar to his audience.
Ibn Battuta described Delhi as a vast city, with a great population, the largest in India. Daulatabad (in Maharashtra) was no less, and easily rivalled Delhi in size.