Question

Who were the Moderates and the Extremists? Why were they called so?

Answer 1

The early nationalists were called moderates
 while the assertive nationalists were called extremists. 

Answer 2

Moderates were the early nationalists who believed in the rules of British and demanded for home government within the British rule. they followed easy and beggarly method, that's why they were called moderates, whereas, Extremists were the later nationalists who followed violentary methods and demanded for purna swaraj. they didn't wanted British to continue in India. because of their extreme methods they were called extremists.