who were the new monarchs in the 15 th and 16 th centuries?
Answers
Answer:
Two countries successful in strengthening themselves were France and England. England was headed by Henry VII and his son Henry VIII of the Tudor dynasty; France was headed by Louis XI, Louis XII and Francis I of the Valois dynasty.
Explanation:
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John I of Portugal — terminated the political anarchy and began the Portuguese period of discoveries
Charles VII of France — ended civil disputes
Louis XI of France — united France as it recovered from the Hundred Years War[3]
Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon — They never combined their territory. Each always ruled their own lands independently, weakened the power of the nobility, completed the Reconquista, reformed the state finances, the law, the church, and the army and began the age of Spanish exploration. They also outlawed all religions except Catholicism.
Henry VII of England — ended the War of the Roses and pacified Yorkist resistance by marrying Elizabeth of York[3]
Achievements
The achievements of the New Monarchs:
Limiting the power of the feudal aristocracy
Creating efficient, centralized systems of taxation
Maintaining a standing army loyal to the monarch
Encouraging some sense of national identity (but by no means nationalism yet)
Fostering trade, both internally and externally
Enforcing religious unity within their countries
While Peter the Great ruled two centuries after the New Monarchs, he is sometimes considered the New Monarch of Russia, accomplishing for his country very much what the New Monarchs did for theirs.
After the New Monarchs, the Absolutist Monarchs gained sway, to be followed by the Enlightened Absolutism.
New Monarchies, which were very powerful centralized governments with unified inhabitants, began to emerge in the mid-15th century. Factors responsible for this advance were the vast demographic and economic growth. Before these New Monarchies were formed, there were many changes the new monarchs had to make: including weakening powerful rivals, increasing revenue, unifying the country, and strengthening the power of the king and his bureaucracy. Two countries successful in strengthening themselves were France and England. England was headed by Henry VII and his son Henry VIII of the Tudor dynasty; France was headed by Louis XI, Louis XII and Francis I of the Valois dynasty.[citation needed]
Causes
Many factors were responsible for the New Monarchies' rise from the years 1450-1550. First, there was a huge increase in population of 50%; thus there were more people paying the king's taxes. This led economic growth, as the increase in demand stimulated the economy. People began taking bigger risks and forming partnerships, enabling large sums of money to be invested. People became wealthier, resulting in a greater consumption of goods and luxuries, making merchants and traders wealthy. Merchants were then paying larger amounts in tariffs, increasing the king's revenue.[citation needed]
To create and sustain a new monarchy kings had to introduce many changes. In the early 15th century there was political fragmentation, as some countries were not unified and there were many separate rulers governing small areas. At that time the nobility and the church rose to be the thriving powers.[clarification needed] The king had to make changes to unify and strengthen his monarchy. He would have to weaken his rivals, the church and nobility, and transfer the authority to himself. He would also have to increase his funding by either increasing taxes, or selling government offices. Many kings[who?] did both.[citation needed]
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