Question

Who were the peshwas? How did they came to power?

Answer 1

All the Peshwas during the rule of Chhatrapati Shivaji and Sambhajibelonged to Deshastha Brahmincommunity The first Peshwa wasMoropant Pingle, who was appointed as the head of the Ashta Pradhan(council of eight ministers) by Chhatrapati Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire

Answer 2

Peshwa was the equivalent of a modern Prime Minister in the Maratha Empire. 

They strengthen the maratha power by following ways :-

1. Under the Peshwas, Marathas developed a very successful military organization. Their success lay in bypassing the fortified areas of the Mughals, by raiding cities and by engaging Mughal armies in areas where their supply lines and reinforcements could be easily disturbed

2. At its height, the Maratha domination extended over the entire Deccan peninsula. They dealt the most severe blow to the authority of the Mughal Empire by capturing Malwa and Gujarat. 

3.Hostility towards the Marathas grew among local rulers. As a result, they did not support the Marathas during the third battle of Panipat in 1761.

4. The Marathas developed an effective administrative system. Revenue demands were introduced on the basis of local conditions. This led to the encouragement of agriculture and trade.

5.The cities of Ujjain, Baroda, Indore and Nagpur were prominent centres of Maratha power while Poona was the capital


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