Who were worked as railway sleepers?
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Railway sleepers, also called railroad ties, railway ties or crossties, are an important railway component. Generally, the rail sleeper is always laying between two rail tracks to keep the correct space of gauge.
Having been developed for more than one hundred years, the railway ties need to meet the different requirements of the various railway tracks. In the past time, railroad ties were usually made of wood and had continued for about 50 years.
Then with the development of steel tracks, steel sleepers appeared. And later, the first concrete sleeper experiment was made in Germany in 1906 between the line Nuremberg and Bamberg.
In the recent time, concrete sleepers are widely used, especially in Europe and Asia. And in UK, steel ties are common. Besides, plastic composite ties are also employed in the rail track transportation.
Historically, wooden ties were made of a variety of softwood and some popular hardwoods such as oak, jarrah, and karri. They are only suitable for low-speed lines with a speed limit of 160 km/h. As to acceptable species of wood for sleepers, the types are European oak, beech, pine etc. But nowadays, wooden sleepers are mostly replaced by concrete sleepers in some countries.
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