who will know across stem. or not a root
Answers
Answer:
The part of the plant which is present above the surface of the soil is called Stems, while Roots is the part of the plant which is present below the soil surface. Secondly stems arises from the plumule and roots from the radical of the embryo. Most importantly stems possess leaves, but roots do not.
Answer:
BASIS FOR COMPARISON STEMS ROOTS
Meaning In botany, stems are the part of the plant axis that bears shoots and buds with leaves. The primary function of the stem is to carry water, minerals and food to all parts of the plants.
Roots are the part of the vascular plant which is an underground and primary function is to Anchorage the plant and in the absorption of the minerals and water.
Geotropism (growth towards the soil) Stems are negatively geotropic (grow away from the soil) and negatively hydrotropic.
Roots are positively geotropic.
Phototropism (growing towards light) Stems are positively phototropic.
Roots are negatively phototropic (grow away from the light).
Morphology Stems bear flower, leaves and buds.
Roots do not bear flower, leaves and buds.
Stems do not have any shoot tip; rather the stems possess in a terminal bud. Roots have a root cap at the root tip.
Can be unicellular or multicellular, stem hairs are present all through the stems. Unicellular root hairs are present in the cluster, behind the root cap.
Stem hairs work in preventing water loss from the stem surface; they have thick cell walls and long life span than shoot hairs.
Root hairs work in absorbing minerals and water from the soil; they have thin cell walls and are short-lived.
Stems are generally green in colour (in young stage).
The colour of the root is usually white and grows darker with time.
Stems possess nodes and internodes.
Roots do not have nodes and internodes.
Stem branches are superficial or exogenous and develop from axillary buds.
Root branches are deep-seated or endogenous, though root branches do not arise from any specific area.
Anatomy
In the stem, epidermal cells are cutinized.
In roots, the epidermal cells are not cutinized.
The epidermis function in protection.
Here the function of the epidermis is to absorb water and nutrients.
The epidermis of young stem possesses stomata.
No stomata found.
Cortex usually narrows and is differentiated into inner, middle and outer cortex.
Cortex is broad and is undifferentiated.
Chlorenchyma is present in outer cortical cells.
Chlorenchyma is absent in roots.
Hypodermis present; no recognizable pattern in endodermis.
Hypodermis absent; Endodermis is prominent and distinct.
Pericycle is multilayered (if present) and plays a role in secondary thickening.
Pericycle is unicellular and plays a role in secondary thickening.
Vascular bundles are collateral and conjoint; Secondary vascular growth is present by cambium which is by both inter and intrafascicular.
Vascular tissue is radial; Secondary vascular growth if present arises from pericycle and conjunctive parenchyma.
Xylem is endarch.
Xylem is exarch.
Fibres is present in xylem and phloem.
Fibres is absent in xylem and phloem.
The primary function of the stem is of photosynthesis, storage and transportation or minerals and other materials to other parts of the plant.
The primary function of the root is anchorage, absorption of water, minerals and salt.