Question

Why +3 the oxidation state is stable in heavier element of group 15?​

Answer 1

These orbitals penetrate and come closer to the nucleus and enjoy greater nuclear attraction. Also, these orbitals, then, don't participate in bonding. This is the reason why the stability of $$+3$$ oxidation state increases in heavier elements of Group 15 in comparison with $$+5$$ oxidation state.

Answer 2

Answer:

It is due to inert pair effect..

poor shielding of d and f orbital causes high nuclear pull on outer electrons hence they can only donate 3 electrons..

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