Why +4 oxidation state compound are covalent and +2 state oxidation compound are ionic?
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To form an ionic bond, the neutral atoms need to lose or gain electrons - this change in the electronic state is not notional but real; this is where ionization enthalpy or electron gain enthalpy come into the picture; losing more than two electrons is very difficult (needs lots of energy) and similarly gaining more than two electrons is also very difficult; which is why ionic bonds are formed at lower oxidation states (between -2 to +2);
Whereas higher oxidation states are based on relative charge on the central atom; for example if we were to take the dichromate ion, Cr has an oxidation number of +6 but that does not mean Cr has lost six electrons to attain this configuration; it is relative; The Cr-oxygen bonds in the dichromate ion are all covalent;
Hence the observation, that higher oxidation states are not found in ionic bonds;
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To form an ionic bond, the neutral atoms need to lose or gain electrons - this change in the electronic state is not notional but real; this is where ionization enthalpy or electron gain enthalpy come into the picture; losing more than two electrons is very difficult (needs lots of energy) and similarly gaining more than two electrons is also very difficult; which is why ionic bonds are formed at lower oxidation states (between -2 to +2);
Whereas higher oxidation states are based on relative charge on the central atom; for example if we were to take the dichromate ion, Cr has an oxidation number of +6 but that does not mean Cr has lost six electrons to attain this configuration; it is relative; The Cr-oxygen bonds in the dichromate ion are all covalent;
Hence the observation, that higher oxidation states are not found in ionic bonds;
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because the one that has +4 will just share electros rather than losing or gaining to become stable while the +2 compound will lose the electros in order to become stable and will make a metal stable by gaining those two electrons from the non metal..hence it is an ionic bond ..while the +4 is covalent because both non metals are bonding
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