Question

why a boatman pushes the river back to move forward

Answer 1

a boatman pushes his oars against the water in the river so as to move his boat forward due to Newton's third law of motion i.e. to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. when the boatman pushes against the water the water exerts a reaction force and thus the boat moves forward.

Answer 2

this includes the Newton's third law of motion (every action has an equal and opposite reaction ) . Thus when a boat man pushes the water ; the water exerts an equal force and thus the boat moves forward

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