Question

why a door handle is provided very far from the hinges

Answer 1

This is to provide enough torque as, torque depends upon force as well as the perpendicular distance. By fixing a handle far away from hinges increases the distance and thereby the torque.
Hope this helps you.

Answer 2

Answer:

On a door, the hinges are the pivot and the knob is where you push/pull from. The further away the knob is from the hinges the easier it is to open/close the door. Secondly, the lock must engage into the frame of the door. The closer we put the lock to the edge, the simpler and smaller the mechanism can be.