why Aluminium chloride dissolve in water
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Aluminium chloride is hygroscopic, having a very pronounced affinity for water. It fumes in moist air and hisses when mixed with liquid water as the Cl− ions are displaced with H2O molecules in the lattice to form the hexahydrate [Al(H2O)6]Cl3 (also white to yellowish in color). The anhydrous phase cannot be regained on heating as HCl is lost leaving aluminium hydroxide or alumina (aluminium oxide):
Al(H2O)6Cl3 → Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl + 3 H2O
On strong heating (~400°C), aluminium oxide is formed from the aluminium hydroxide via:
2 Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 + 3 H2O
aq. solutions of AlCl3 are ionic and thus conduct elctricity well. Such solutions are found to be acidic, indicative of partial hydrolysis of the Al3+ ion. The reactions can be described (simplified) as:
[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) ⇌ [Al(OH)(H2O)5]2+(aq) + H+(aq)
Al(H2O)6Cl3 → Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl + 3 H2O
On strong heating (~400°C), aluminium oxide is formed from the aluminium hydroxide via:
2 Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 + 3 H2O
aq. solutions of AlCl3 are ionic and thus conduct elctricity well. Such solutions are found to be acidic, indicative of partial hydrolysis of the Al3+ ion. The reactions can be described (simplified) as:
[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) ⇌ [Al(OH)(H2O)5]2+(aq) + H+(aq)
ustopper:
Aluminium chloride is a covalent compound then it can have affinity towards water
answer this correctly
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