Question

Why are all ortho para directing groups more activating than meta directors?

Answer 1

o,p-directing groups stabilize the intermediates for o,p substitution relative to the meta intermediate.

m-directing groups destabilize the intermediates for o,p substitution relative to the meta intermediate

Answer 2

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If the relative yield of the ortho product and that of the para product are higherthan that of the meta product, the substituent on the benzene ring in the monosubstituted benzene is called anortho, para directing group. ... The halide ions, which are electron-withdrawing but ortho, para directing, are the exception.

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