Question

why are aryl halides less reactive toward neucleophilic substitution reactions ​

Answer 1

Aryl halides are relatively unreactive toward nucleophilic substitution reactions. This lack of reactivity is due to several factors. Steric hindrance caused by the benzene ring of the aryl halide prevents S N2 reactions. Likewise, phenyl cations are unstable, thus making S N1 reactions impossible.

Because three of the four resonance structures show a double bond between the carbon and halogen atoms, the hybrid structure must have double bond character.

SNAR reactions

Nucleophilic substitution reactions can occur with aryl halides, provided that strong electron‐withdrawing groups (deactivators) are located ortho and/or para to the carbon atom that's attached to the halogen. (This arrangement makes the carbon susceptible to nucleophilic attack.)

Answer 2

why are aryl halides less reactive toward

neucleophilic substitution reactions ?

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REASON;

________

Aryl halides are less reactive towards

nucleophilic substitution reaction due

to following reasons—

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Resonance—

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the electron pairs of halogen are in resonance with the pi electrons of the ring due to which delocalistaion of electrons occur making the cleavage of bond difficult .

No such effect is there in alkyl halides.

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Hybridization—

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in alkyl halides hybridization of carbon is sp3 and in aryl halide is sp2 . So there is more s character in aryl halides due to which bond strength(C-X) (X =any halogen) increases and cleavage becomes difficult.

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