why are bacteria useful in biotechnology and genetic engineering
Answers
Bacterial cells can be genetically modified so that they have the gene for producing human insulin. As these modified bacteria grow, they produce human insulin. This protein can be purified and supplied to diabetics. The process of genetically engineering bacterial cells is shown in the diagram below.
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The most important in genetic engineering of plants has been the Ti plasmid of soil bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. E.Coli has been extensively used as "work horse" for genetic engineering e.g., production of humulin, somatotropin. E. coli is one of the most thoroughly studied of all living things. It is a favorite organism for genetic engineering as cultures of it can be made to produce unlimited quantities of the product of an introduced gene. Several important drugs (insulin, for example) are now manufactured in E. coli. Thus, option B is correct. Nitrosomonas, Klebsiella, Nitrobacter, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and Diplococcus are not used in genetic engineering.
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