Question

why are free electrons named so

Answer 1

The electrons which are not attached to the atom are called free electrons. When we apply energy in the form of electric field or heat. Some of the valence electrons in the atom gains enough energy and breaks the bonding with the atom. The valence electrons which breaks the bonding with the atom and jumps into conduction band are called free electrons.

Free electrons carry the electric current by moving freely from one place to another place.

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Answer 2

Free electrons are called as free electrons because:-

We know that electrons are bounded to atoms as they carry negative charge and nucleus have positive charge so electrons are generally bonded but there are some electrons which are not bounded to nucleus of atom these are free electrons.

When sufficient amount of energy is given then electrons are no longer in influence of nucleus and come out of orbit and are free to move and do not experience any electromagnetic force so get free hence are called as free electrons.

These are electrons which are responsible for carrying of current and heat for a substance and these are mostly present in conductors thus making conductors good carrier of current and heat and are absent in non conductors or insulators hence insulator ado not allow current and heat to pass through them.