Why are glaciers dangerous?
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mountainous areas. However, some are found near cities or towns and sometimes present a problem for people living close by. On land, lakes formed on top of a glacier during the melt season may cause floods. At the terminus, or snout, of a valley glacier, ice falling from the glacier presents a hazard to hikers below. When ice breaks off over the ocean, an iceberg is formed. Some examples of these hazards are listed below.
Flooding caused by a glacier
Although it is not uncommon for a glacier to have a small lake of meltwater near its terminus, extreme melting or unusually fast melting can cause these lakes to overflow their barriers and cause flooding downstream. These are called glacial lake outburst floods.
More dangerous is the case when a glacier flows across a stream or river, creating a dam that can trap a large amount of water. In spring 1986, Hubbard Glacier in Alaska surged and blocked the outlet of Russell Fjord, entrapping a large lake. Over the summer, snowmelt continued to fill the lake. In October, the glacier-created dam gaves way. The fjord reconnected to the ocean, only after releasing an enormous gush of water equivalent to about 35 Niagara Falls.
In Peru in 1941, 6,000 people perished when a glacial lake suddenly burst through its dam, flooding the town of Huaraz below it. Since then, another lake has formed at the base of the glacier, but engineers have created artificial channels to prevent future flooding.
Avalanches from glaciers
Ice avalanches from glacier snouts have been recorded in the Swiss Alps for centuries, and they still occur despite attempts to prevent them. In 1965, the government of Switzerland was constructing a dam for a hydroelectric plant above the town of Mattmark. Without warning, an enormous mass of ice from the nearby Allalingletscher broke off. In mere seconds, the avalanche had rushed down the slopes and buried much of the construction camp, killing 88 workers.
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