why are halogens considered as ortho and para directing groups and even as electron donating groups eventhough in the periodic table they have the highest ionisation enthalpy and wont readily loose the electrons rather will gain it to attain octect
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it is so because in the resonating structures the halogens are seen as electron donating and thereby forms double bond with carbon attached directly to it. it form the double bond by donating a lone pair of electrons it has and thereby forming a co-ordinate bond!
hope this helps!
hope this helps!
25052001:
but then how do the halogens readily give off the electron pair which they have when it takes them a lot of energy to remove them
it is due to resonance that they can donate that pair of electrons
oh yeah!
took me late to get it..
anyways....thanks a tonne!
took me late to get it..
anyways....thanks a tonne!
welcome buddy!
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